{"date":"2026-10-07","facilitySourceUpdated":"2026-10-05","chipSourceUpdated":"2026-10-01","facilities":[{"id":"colossus-2","name":"Colossus 2","owner":"SpaceX / xAI","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Anthropic","confidence":"confident"},{"name":"Cursor","confidence":"confident"},{"name":"SpaceXAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Memphis","state":"Tennessee","address":"5420 Tulane Rd, Memphis, TN 38109","coordinates":[-90.0385665,34.9892875],"operating":true,"compute":1111672.5618999496,"power":946,"cost":35.836372,"chipTypes":["B200","B300"],"description":"To power the site quickly, xAI installed natural gas turbines just across the state border in Mississippi, possibly to secure faster approval for their operation.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","drone imagery"],"sources":[{"title":"WSJ profile of the Colossus data centers","url":"https://www.wsj.com/tech/elon-musk-xai-memphis-tennessee-power-dec4c70d"},{"title":"Final GPU count reported by Elon Musk","url":"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1947701807389515912"},{"title":"MLGW update mentioning power requests for Colossus 2","url":"https://www.mlgw.com/images/content/files/pdf/new/5-5-25%20xAI%20Update.pdf#page=4"},{"title":"SpaceX-Cursor partnership to use Colossus","url":"https://x.com/SpaceX/status/2046713419978453374"},{"title":"Anthropic to use Colossus 2 from June 2026","url":"https://x.com/nottombrown/status/2057194829986300375"},{"title":"SpaceX S-1 filing, mentioning exact compute and power for Colossus 2","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026036936/spaceexplorationtechnologi.htm"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1oZpZ9nTTV6wW0xjc1pPOQmKS7NCyDzuG2HiycC1GqFs/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/colossus-2","footprintM2":284731,"shapes":[{"points":[[-90.036567,34.994326],[-90.036598,34.992612],[-90.031838,34.992651],[-90.031838,34.994319],[-90.036567,34.994326]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.035908,35.000285],[-90.035922,34.995631],[-90.033848,34.995636],[-90.033835,35.00028],[-90.035908,35.000285]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.039075,35.00053],[-90.039987,35.000524],[-90.039979,34.995833],[-90.039055,34.995817],[-90.039075,35.00053]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.046285,34.983374],[-90.046315,34.980578],[-90.044133,34.980591],[-90.0441,34.983352],[-90.046285,34.983374]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-90.046315,34.980578,-90.031838,35.00053],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-02-28","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins next to the existing building."},{"date":"2025-09-08","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Battery facility connected to the building. 121 air-cooled chillers installed, which could support 200 MW. In the Duke faciltiy in nearby Mississippi, several natural gas turbines are in place but not fully connected up."},{"date":"2025-10-19","compute":277918.1404749874,"power":239,"facilityPower":323,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Battery facility looks complete (though more might be added). Turbines look connected up, minimal construction around them. We believe this state corresponds to the first compute cluster brought online at this site of \"approximately 110,000 GB200 processors, approximately 210 megawatts of compute power\", as detailed in the [company S-1 filing, page 76](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026036936/spaceexplorationtechnologi.htm). Based on those numbers, we believe \"compute power\" corresponds to GPU server power. [Earlier](https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1947715674429919279) [tweets](https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1950251710141567110) from Elon Musk also support this timing, and it's consistent with the estimated cooling capacity based on the satellite image."},{"date":"2026-01-13","compute":277918.1404749874,"power":239,"facilityPower":323,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Since October, an array of dry cooling air-cooled condensers has been added (the array of large fans to the left of the building), and appears almost complete. Two more similar arrays appear to be under construction. More air-cooled chillers, batteries, and gas turbines have also been installed."},{"date":"2026-04-06","compute":555836.2809499748,"power":490,"facilityPower":661,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"The first array of dry cooling air-cooled condensers for Building 1 has been completed and is operational. A second array, with larger fans, is about halfway complete (located to the south of the first array). More chillers have also been added. For Building 2, an array of dry cooling air-cooled condensers of the same type as Building 1's first array is beginning construction. We believe this corresponds to the \"second cluster of 110,000 GB300 processors and 220 megawatts of compute power\" from the [company S-1 filing, page 76](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026036936/spaceexplorationtechnologi.htm), with compute power corresponding to GPU server power. This is also consistent with our estimates based on cooling equipment."},{"date":"2026-06-15","compute":1111672.5618999496,"power":946,"facilityPower":1276,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"The site is estimated to have at least ~830 MW of GPU server power, with at least \"at least 220,000 additional GB300 processors and over 400 additional megawatts of compute power\", corresponding to the \"next phase of expansion\" found in the following [company S-1 filing, page 76](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026036936/spaceexplorationtechnologi.htm). This estimate is backed up by our cooling and turbine based power production calculations. The cooling calculations suggest there is enough infrastructure to support ~850MW of IT Power. Similarly the energy production calculations support ~900MW of available IT Power. This gives us confidence that the proposed expansion was achieved in time. The roof for building 3 is halfway complete. "},{"date":"2027-02-25","compute":1824153.6129358262,"power":1531,"facilityPower":2065,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is estimated to be completed. The site is predicted to have enough power infrastructure installed for a total of 1.5 GW of IT Power. Based on building plans we predict the addition of three more cooling arrays similar to the 6x24 dry coolers near Building 1 and 2. With the completion of current cooling structures and the addition of these arrays there will be ~540MW more cooling capacity for a full facility total of ~1390MW. If this cooling capacity is supplemented by mobile coolers, there would be enough cooling and power infrastructure to support 1.5 GW of IT power."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-10-19","type":"B200","count":110000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-04-06","type":"B300","count":110000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-06-15","type":"B300","count":330000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"SpaceXAI","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"microsoft-fairwater-atlanta","name":"Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta","owner":"Microsoft","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"likely"},{"name":"Microsoft","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"United States","city":"Fayetteville","state":"Georgia","address":"1435 Hwy 54 W, Fayetteville, GA 30214","coordinates":[-84.52452383751955,33.4571920559559],"operating":true,"compute":768768.7220818596,"power":636,"cost":24.092952,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"Built by QTS with Microsoft as the tenant, Fairwater Atlanta likely provides training compute for OpenAI and is disclosed to contain NVIDIA GB200 GPUs.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","drone imagery","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"2023 Air Permit application","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p7aY9syz319IcEuyukgIIvzmhTNKRS6p/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"YouTube video with aerial views","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44eWesI-174"},{"title":"OpenAI article mentioning they use Microsoft's Fairwater supercomputers","url":"https://openai.com/index/mrc-supercomputer-networking/"},{"title":"Bloomberg article","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-12-08/georgia-s-blackstone-backed-qts-data-center-hits-resistance-over-ai-power-needs"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1XeruHu2ES3UsSrsAU3HSMkk5zwzFOQzxQE9pQ_fuEUw/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-fairwater-atlanta","footprintM2":104188,"shapes":[{"points":[[-84.52440675244532,33.44884464571712],[-84.52441698085738,33.447931199351615],[-84.52347280013963,33.447932953594076],[-84.52347238038273,33.44811526008347],[-84.52066362489109,33.44811784561132],[-84.52065643589873,33.448724431795995],[-84.52086079148806,33.44872668471258],[-84.52085858744795,33.44858962176423],[-84.52402680764631,33.44859423204213],[-84.52402952816276,33.44884583323923],[-84.52440675244532,33.44884464571712]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-84.52352964981668,33.463243923173124],[-84.52506604356596,33.46197787672577],[-84.52468203976373,33.46164379522615],[-84.52484278141196,33.46150388963403],[-84.52433162628077,33.461099277370906],[-84.52416932629407,33.46123866929601],[-84.52401437042057,33.46111499053718],[-84.5223347422014,33.46254246377734],[-84.52336360453263,33.46339155614014],[-84.52352964981668,33.463243923173124]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-84.52436486471447,33.45196622276406],[-84.5243465573122,33.449957569169925],[-84.52376987414421,33.449957569169925],[-84.52376987414421,33.44977426766572],[-84.52311996136703,33.44977426766572],[-84.52311996136703,33.4499422940589],[-84.52286365773695,33.44993465650275],[-84.52284535033463,33.451958585386194],[-84.52436486471447,33.45196622276406]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-84.52891658468366,33.4625289088638],[-84.52884691385565,33.46284535396968],[-84.52914882077638,33.462890560319096],[-84.5286456425753,33.46507335314148],[-84.52847920670851,33.46505397948218],[-84.52844437129497,33.46518313712765],[-84.52916817378397,33.4653026077779],[-84.52960555175865,33.463429805670145],[-84.52979134063301,33.46345886670167],[-84.52996551770256,33.46268390252969],[-84.52891658468366,33.4625289088638]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-84.52996551770256,33.447931199351615,-84.52065643589873,33.4653026077779],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-04-09","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for southern part (Building 1-2)"},{"date":"2025-10-14","compute":387981.94436584134,"power":321,"facilityPower":433,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 are [operational](https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/from-wisconsin-to-atlanta-microsoft-connects-datacenters-to-build-its-first-ai-superfactory/). Building 1 looked operational sooner, but the buildings [are paired](https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/09/18/inside-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/) in the Fairwater design. The roof of Building 4 is almost complete, while mechanical equipment is still being installed."},{"date":"2026-02-13","compute":387981.94436584134,"power":321,"facilityPower":433,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 4 roof is complete and all mechanical equipment appears to be installed. However, there is still a lot of construction activity around the building."},{"date":"2026-05-15","compute":387981.94436584134,"power":321,"facilityPower":433,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 4 still has some equipment strewn around the perimeter, so we think it is still going through commissioning. Two new buildings at the campus have shells underway, but we don't know if Microsoft is the tenant for those."},{"date":"2026-06-14","compute":768768.7220818596,"power":636,"facilityPower":859,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 3 and 4 are operational."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-10-14","type":"B200","count":153563,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-06-14","type":"B200","count":304279,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Microsoft","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"anthropic-amazon-new-carlisle","name":"Anthropic-Amazon New Carlisle","owner":"Amazon","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Anthropic","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"New Carlisle","state":"Indiana","address":"55001 Larrison Blvd, New Carlisle, IN 46552","coordinates":[-86.471225996291,41.67935929360402],"operating":true,"compute":685912.076806468,"power":910,"cost":34.47262,"chipTypes":["Trainium2"],"description":"New Carlisle is part of the Anthropic–Amazon Project Rainier collaboration and, like many other Amazon data centers, forgoes external cooling infrastructure in favor of direct air-based cooling.","estimationMethods":["regulatory filings","chip efficiency","third-party reporting"],"sources":[{"title":"Air Construction Permit application for the northern portion","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BKiTFNUk2KDaUaiHG7fz0KlkNSBTHzbb/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Backup diesel generator referenced in the permit","url":"https://www.cat.com/en_US/products/new/power-systems/electric-power/diesel-generator-sets/117341.html"},{"title":"Announcement of Project Rainier coming online","url":"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-project-rainier-ai-trainium-chips-compute-cluster"},{"title":"Air permit for Buildings 19-32, suggesting expansion to 2.3 GW total facility power","url":"https://t.co/HsAO7oyKa2"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1umU-KLAB_6A-lKRCdLuF7SPv74HlqKjDdfDor1bRGuY/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/anthropic-amazon-new-carlisle","footprintM2":347022,"shapes":[{"points":[[-86.46210941668244,41.6902426226811],[-86.46132584329594,41.69025139969884],[-86.46131800756194,41.69195996971891],[-86.46212117028296,41.69195996971891],[-86.46210941668244,41.6902426226811]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.46212330177141,41.687977531985496],[-86.46140712951583,41.687973684348606],[-86.46141042319358,41.689687564300584],[-86.46213875872681,41.68968586001844],[-86.46212330177141,41.687977531985496]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.4724186357442,41.6705909995207],[-86.47241957797513,41.66999255375504],[-86.4687578777334,41.66997564050385],[-86.468753003222,41.670561870232376],[-86.4724186357442,41.6705909995207]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.48109490822337,41.670336687596915],[-86.48109887907714,41.66974048704506],[-86.47742981026634,41.669719723742276],[-86.47742981026634,41.670312958327514],[-86.48109490822337,41.670336687596915]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.47243950058399,41.668487819252846],[-86.46878266541951,41.668467712318176],[-86.46876728440913,41.66904793848133],[-86.47243181007879,41.66907666241343],[-86.47243950058399,41.668487819252846]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.48112026372958,41.66823018392327],[-86.47744770840964,41.66821194306792],[-86.47744770840964,41.66879199974068],[-86.48111049629509,41.66882118484398],[-86.48112026372958,41.66823018392327]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.4811241640701,41.667355180634274],[-86.477456492468,41.66733329130966],[-86.477456492468,41.66792430046385],[-86.4811192803534,41.6679461895875],[-86.4811241640701,41.667355180634274]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.48113398502005,41.665833986975485],[-86.47746653444052,41.6658178946802],[-86.47746653444052,41.66640526085908],[-86.48112859963057,41.66642135300802],[-86.48113398502005,41.665833986975485]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.47704067691613,41.66820170132516],[-86.47336784094594,41.6681856096217],[-86.47336245555647,41.66877697708949],[-86.47702990613598,41.66879306864564],[-86.47704067691613,41.66820170132516]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.47705354018615,41.66732932926277],[-86.47337531882647,41.66731323734126],[-86.47337531882647,41.66790863576628],[-86.47703738401654,41.66792472753946],[-86.47705354018615,41.66732932926277]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.47706017014254,41.6658023033265],[-86.47340349034252,41.6658023033265],[-86.47339271956241,41.66638564660923],[-86.47705478475245,41.66641380787533],[-86.47706017014254,41.6658023033265]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.4672668443955,41.69065162926012],[-86.46646025943166,41.6906465464356],[-86.46644883244748,41.69337498261527],[-86.4672521387935,41.69337710219497],[-86.4672668443955,41.69065162926012]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-86.46528226737163,41.69064476326736],[-86.46447628469015,41.69064281548438],[-86.46446497065193,41.69337048445223],[-86.46527038163141,41.69337366652968],[-86.46528226737163,41.69064476326736]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-86.46408570304747,41.69064020432194],[-86.463280292068,41.690637022109996],[-86.46327157239637,41.69336353247604],[-86.46407182580772,41.693366861508565],[-86.46408570304747,41.69064020432194]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-86.47344331270602,41.687136171992876],[-86.47263159716084,41.68713434615216],[-86.47262063178297,41.68986240935226],[-86.47343269607279,41.68986240935226],[-86.47344331270602,41.687136171992876]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-86.4722485955386,41.687130956818464],[-86.47143875605225,41.687130956818464],[-86.47143122266158,41.68985943257451],[-86.4722372954526,41.68985943257451],[-86.4722485955386,41.687130956818464]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-86.47025012282405,41.689853806870445],[-86.47025765621474,41.68712251795455],[-86.46945158342376,41.68712251795455],[-86.46943651664236,41.68985099406845],[-86.47025012282405,41.689853806870445]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-86.47541179365291,41.68986579426473],[-86.47541811501875,41.68713662580873],[-86.47461953626805,41.68713662580873],[-86.47461399058241,41.68834315660331],[-86.47460835447731,41.689867373157114],[-86.47541179365291,41.68986579426473]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-86.48113398502005,41.6658023033265,-86.46131800756194,41.69337710219497],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-02-09","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins in the northern section"},{"date":"2024-06-10","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins in the southern section"},{"date":"2025-05-10","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Roof complete on building 11"},{"date":"2025-06-23","compute":300151.59171298635,"power":398,"facilityPower":478,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Buildings 1-7 are operational. Based on all of the roofs being completed for over 5 months."},{"date":"2025-09-26","compute":300151.59171298635,"power":398,"facilityPower":478,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Roof complete on building 16. Generators are being installed for buildings 8-15. In the north, Building 17 and 18 are under construction. To the south of buildings 8-16, a concrete pad is visible, and an expanded car park next to it."},{"date":"2025-10-17","compute":300151.59171298635,"power":398,"facilityPower":478,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Confirmation that nearly 500,000 chips are operational, which fits buildings 1-7. In an [interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwgW_gHI1Vs&t=220s), AWS CEO says \"they're already running...about 500,000 [Trainium2] chips in Indiana today\"."},{"date":"2025-12-23","compute":471450.2273875695,"power":626,"facilityPower":751,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":11,"notes":"Buildings 8-11 are operational, given it's been over 7 months since their roofs were complete, and the backup generators and roof chimneys look complete. The roof is almost complete for Building 17 and 18."},{"date":"2026-02-09","compute":471450.2273875695,"power":626,"facilityPower":751,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":11,"notes":"Buildings 12-16 still have a few generators that look incomplete, so they are unlikely to be operational just yet. Buildings 17-18 still have ongoing roof work, no generators. Just south of Buildings 9-16, the outlines of a site for Buildings 19-32 are taking shape."},{"date":"2026-03-23","compute":685912.076806468,"power":910,"facilityPower":1092,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":16,"notes":"Buildings 12-16 are operational. Based on how long previous buildings took, when they were in a similar state to Buildings 12-16 in December."},{"date":"2026-06-03","compute":685912.076806468,"power":910,"facilityPower":1092,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":16,"notes":"Buildings 17-18 fully roofed but still having surrounding generators/cooling under construction. Cleared land for buildings 19-32 is still bare, with no building foundations visible yet. Based on satellite imagery."},{"date":"2026-10-19","compute":818428.4992420415,"power":1037,"facilityPower":1244,"waterMGD":21,"buildings":18,"notes":"Buildings 17-18 are operational. This is an estimate based on a rule of thumb of \"operational 5 months after roof is complete\", assuming the roofs took one more month after 2025-12-23. Also added four more months to account for commissioning and adjacent cooling units not being complete yet."},{"date":"2028-03-17","compute":1746038.4032339565,"power":1925,"facilityPower":2310,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":32,"notes":"Buildings 19-32 are operational. This is an estimate based on how long Buildings 1-16 took to become operational. In May 2026, the foundation of several buildings and a substation was visible at the site of Buildings 19-32. Buildings 1-16 took 1 year and 10 months to go from a similar state to operational. So we add 1 year and 10 months to May 2026 to get this date estimate. The power capacity is based on an [air quality permit](https://t.co/HsAO7oyKa2) filed in May 2026, and the compute capacity is based on Trainium3 chips."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-06-23","type":"Trainium2","count":457200,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2025-12-23","type":"Trainium2","count":718400,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-03-23","type":"Trainium2","count":1044980,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"Amazon","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-pryor-north","name":"Google Pryor (North)","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Pryor","state":"Oklahoma","address":"4581 Webb St, Pryor, OK 74361","coordinates":[-95.3234948330576,36.245349692692095],"operating":true,"compute":636685.1945426983,"power":368,"cost":13.940576,"chipTypes":["TPU v5p","TPU v5e"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip efficiency","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"Google announces expansion of Pryor facility","url":"https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/google-american-innovation-oklahoma/"},{"title":"Google 2025 Environmental Report","url":"https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2025-environmental-report/"},{"title":"News of a 9 exaflop TPUv4 cluster in the Pryor data center, launched in 2022","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2022/05/11/google-launches-a-9-exaflop-cluster-of-cloud-tpu-v4-pods-into-public-preview/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lD_rxcr7NwyAXlJf2TUis1AuMry4jGJNxOFP8zn17zc/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-pryor-north","footprintM2":154791,"shapes":[{"points":[[-95.32831734179646,36.245875772507205],[-95.32831563499703,36.244043872500214],[-95.32304779696472,36.244045736019075],[-95.32304675863581,36.24409430627959],[-95.32279748300957,36.244097128035676],[-95.32279295284822,36.24420978891503],[-95.32197169374894,36.24420834694567],[-95.32197168335873,36.24448823232575],[-95.32092186044898,36.24448791086182],[-95.32092289968486,36.24536086780145],[-95.3208894285437,36.24536168580826],[-95.32088959161086,36.24556228682687],[-95.32092119193388,36.2455617204856],[-95.3209232080157,36.245872889579545],[-95.32831734179646,36.245875772507205]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-95.32863710550978,36.24781893261597],[-95.32863723448635,36.24692094839659],[-95.32620652287738,36.24692230129682],[-95.32620254673303,36.24684453959787],[-95.32580856274834,36.24684422729261],[-95.3258075392108,36.24781736276252],[-95.32863710550978,36.24781893261597]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-95.32863723448635,36.244043872500214,-95.3208894285437,36.24781893261597],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-07-19","compute":26376.958059626075,"power":53,"facilityPower":63,"waterMGD":2.282739726,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, based on default roof-to-operational time."},{"date":"2025-01-28","compute":26376.958059626075,"power":53,"facilityPower":63,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 is being retrofitted from a warehouse. The roof is being painted white, and cooling towers and a new substation are being built just south of the building (based on later imagery)."},{"date":"2025-10-19","compute":26376.958059626075,"power":53,"facilityPower":63,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"The new substation for Building 2 looks mostly complete, half of the cooling towers are installed. The black patch in the top left of the building suggests that the new roof is not quite complete."},{"date":"2026-05-26","compute":26376.958059626075,"power":53,"facilityPower":63,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 looks almost complete, but still appears to have three cooling towers missing. We therefore expect another 3 months until full operation."},{"date":"2026-09-06","compute":636685.1945426983,"power":368,"facilityPower":442,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational, confirmed via RAAD drone imagery of spinning cooling tower fans on September 8th."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-07-19","type":"TPU v5p","count":23466,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-07-19","type":"TPU v5e","count":77886,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"dayone-nusajaya","name":"DayOne Nusajaya","owner":"","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[],"country":"Malaysia","city":"Johor Bahru","state":"Johor","address":"","coordinates":[103.5978535,1.4293825],"operating":true,"compute":583836.7862556847,"power":473,"cost":17.918186,"chipTypes":["H100","B300"],"description":"We exclude the three Phase 1 buildings at this campus, as Phase 2 was reported to be the first in the region to support large-scale AI computing.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency","drone imagery"],"sources":[{"title":"News of Phase 2 operation","url":"https://www.moomoo.com/news/post/41886329/support-ai-computing-deployment-gds-holdings-nusajaya-technology-park-datacenter?level=1&data_ticket=1778269491837872"},{"title":"Archived DayOne website - \"120 MW in operation\" in Johor","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20241231165420/https://dayonedc.com/"},{"title":"Archived DayOne website - 390 MW \"in service\" in Johor","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260314134756/https://dayonedc.com/market/johor"},{"title":"Financial Times report that Alibaba and ByteDance are training AI models in southeast Asia","url":"https://www.ft.com/content/96fe9898-a3a4-4a33-be1d-da06bdb6cb2b"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Xu6B3gVZhKvkQ1U5gmXgOgoflyzpgOydm60SYn_lAWE/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/dayone-nusajaya","footprintM2":241915,"shapes":[{"points":[[103.600618,1.426829],[103.599762,1.425619],[103.600899,1.424788],[103.601763,1.426031],[103.600618,1.426829]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.598633,1.426441],[103.597777,1.425231],[103.598914,1.4244],[103.599778,1.425643],[103.598633,1.426441]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.599437,1.42766],[103.59858,1.42645],[103.599718,1.425619],[103.600582,1.426862],[103.599437,1.42766]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.598253,1.42851],[103.597396,1.427301],[103.598533,1.42647],[103.599397,1.427712],[103.598253,1.42851]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.596075,1.4359],[103.595273,1.434738],[103.595926,1.434283],[103.596731,1.435449],[103.596075,1.4359]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.595026,1.434838],[103.594348,1.43385],[103.59521,1.433313],[103.595844,1.43427],[103.595026,1.434838]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.594674,1.427865],[103.593944,1.426749],[103.595438,1.425716],[103.59621,1.426809],[103.594674,1.427865]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.599762,1.425597],[103.598906,1.424387],[103.600043,1.423556],[103.600907,1.424799],[103.599762,1.425597]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.596933,1.424708],[103.599824,1.422653],[103.600312,1.42335],[103.597467,1.425416],[103.596933,1.424708]],"complete":false},{"points":[[103.59751,1.42719],[103.596995,1.426427],[103.598048,1.425676],[103.598575,1.426434],[103.59751,1.42719]],"complete":false}],"extent":[103.593944,1.422653,103.601763,1.4359],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction for Building 1-2 is underway."},{"date":"2024-12-31","compute":34399.727134916626,"power":50,"facilityPower":70,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Buildings 1-2 are fully operational. Based on DayOne [reporting](https://web.archive.org/web/20241231165420/https://dayonedc.com/) that 120 MW is in operation in Johor, with [50 MW](https://www.moomoo.com/news/post/41886329/support-ai-computing-deployment-gds-holdings-nusajaya-technology-park-datacenter?level=1&data_ticket=1778269491837872) towards these two buildings. The date is based on the earliest available archived webpage, so this may have happened earlier."},{"date":"2026-01-22","compute":281670.4396159676,"power":240,"facilityPower":336,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Buildings 3-6 are operational, based on them looking complete. DayOne [reported](https://archive.is/8CFXN) that 390 MW is \"in service\" in Johor as of Jan 30. This is across both Nusajaya (including Phase 1, which we don't include here) and Kempas, but Nusajaya is the vast majority of capacity at this time. Building 7 and 8 look almost complete, while Building 9 and 10 shells are still under construction."},{"date":"2026-04-05","compute":281670.4396159676,"power":240,"facilityPower":336,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Buildings 7-10 look mostly complete, but there is still some construction work at the edges."},{"date":"2026-10-02","compute":583836.7862556847,"power":473,"facilityPower":662,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":10,"notes":"Buildings 7-10 are operational. Judging by their state in April 2026, we expect 3 months to finish construction and another 3 months to ramp to full capacity."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-12-31","type":"H100","count":34400,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-01-22","type":"B300","count":97870,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-10-02","type":"B300","count":217467,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-prometheus","name":"Meta Prometheus","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"New Albany","state":"Ohio","address":"1 Community Cir, New Albany, OH 43054","coordinates":[-82.742763,40.087782],"operating":true,"compute":536343.0015159171,"power":471,"cost":17.842422,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"Meta Prometheus is unusual for its ad hoc construction — a patchwork of weatherproof tents, colocation facilities, and traditional data center buildings spanning the full length of New Albany Business Park.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency","land use maps"],"sources":[{"title":"Meta blog post with details on Prometheus","url":"https://engineering.fb.com/2025/09/29/data-infrastructure/metas-infrastructure-evolution-and-the-advent-of-ai/"},{"title":"New Albany Business Park land use map","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Wb_BBVOnhu5UCQ8Q5d6iRIG9K_vigD8A/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Letter on Socrates South Power Generation Project","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OMbFbdNGPmfSkwVWqOAK-5pOufiKQBu1/view?usp=sharing"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1LOiioZUG696TC3nOAXROvhJBhhN7to-r6KR05Hd0qCk/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-prometheus","footprintM2":447333,"shapes":[{"points":[[-82.727386,40.118712],[-82.727587,40.116124],[-82.727024,40.116094],[-82.72683,40.118672],[-82.727386,40.118712]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.72646,40.118636],[-82.726662,40.116083],[-82.726101,40.116051],[-82.725903,40.118632],[-82.72646,40.118636]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.725535,40.118611],[-82.725732,40.116028],[-82.725171,40.116006],[-82.724986,40.118582],[-82.725535,40.118611]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.729537,40.116766],[-82.728961,40.116731],[-82.728807,40.118767],[-82.72937,40.118786],[-82.729537,40.116766]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.740913,40.059919],[-82.739769,40.060034],[-82.740146,40.062289],[-82.740068,40.062294],[-82.740122,40.062702],[-82.74026,40.062702],[-82.740314,40.063073],[-82.74135,40.062977],[-82.74129,40.062606],[-82.741422,40.062592],[-82.741368,40.062179],[-82.741278,40.062179],[-82.740913,40.059919]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.748202,40.098014],[-82.74638,40.097947],[-82.74627,40.099389],[-82.748084,40.099466],[-82.748202,40.098014]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.746255,40.099765],[-82.746126,40.101207],[-82.747952,40.101281],[-82.748078,40.099838],[-82.746255,40.099765]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.747994,40.101751],[-82.746074,40.101684],[-82.745964,40.103172],[-82.747886,40.103255],[-82.747994,40.101751]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.724612,40.118559],[-82.724814,40.115989],[-82.724249,40.115967],[-82.724055,40.11853],[-82.724612,40.118559]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.728523,40.116159],[-82.727952,40.116138],[-82.727761,40.118732],[-82.728331,40.118752],[-82.728523,40.116159]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.736646,40.116296],[-82.736092,40.116281],[-82.735907,40.11885],[-82.736484,40.118868],[-82.736646,40.116296]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.739945,40.11642],[-82.739762,40.118981],[-82.740309,40.119005],[-82.740492,40.11644],[-82.739945,40.11642]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.735148,40.116243],[-82.73499,40.118801],[-82.73554,40.118822],[-82.735722,40.116269],[-82.735148,40.116243]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.749382,40.052901],[-82.748846,40.05287],[-82.748618,40.055445],[-82.749161,40.05546],[-82.749275,40.054158],[-82.749382,40.052901]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.737591,40.116324],[-82.737015,40.116311],[-82.736859,40.118892],[-82.73742,40.118909],[-82.737591,40.116324]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.738507,40.116357],[-82.737951,40.116341],[-82.737773,40.118918],[-82.738349,40.118941],[-82.738507,40.116357]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.739448,40.116403],[-82.738875,40.116387],[-82.738715,40.118946],[-82.739278,40.118958],[-82.739448,40.116403]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.760455,40.064859],[-82.760296,40.064854],[-82.76029,40.064985],[-82.756463,40.064821],[-82.756483,40.06454],[-82.756079,40.064524],[-82.756019,40.065246],[-82.760419,40.065419],[-82.760455,40.064859]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.756503,40.063947],[-82.75652,40.063696],[-82.76032,40.063838],[-82.760307,40.063974],[-82.760492,40.063985],[-82.760548,40.063349],[-82.756132,40.063187],[-82.756096,40.063931],[-82.756503,40.063947]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.741492,40.06388],[-82.740458,40.063984],[-82.740517,40.064283],[-82.740446,40.064283],[-82.740824,40.066571],[-82.741971,40.066458],[-82.741604,40.064179],[-82.741533,40.064183],[-82.741492,40.06388]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.757221,40.052086],[-82.756401,40.052057],[-82.75625,40.054176],[-82.757221,40.05421],[-82.757252,40.053898],[-82.756903,40.053892],[-82.757037,40.0522],[-82.757206,40.052209],[-82.757221,40.052086]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.757197,40.054607],[-82.756233,40.05455],[-82.756074,40.056911],[-82.756855,40.056949],[-82.756859,40.056825],[-82.756688,40.056818],[-82.756838,40.054901],[-82.757177,40.054921],[-82.757197,40.054607]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.751577,40.053012],[-82.751029,40.052993],[-82.750847,40.055524],[-82.751385,40.055546],[-82.751577,40.053012]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.752495,40.053056],[-82.751961,40.053038],[-82.75176,40.05556],[-82.752307,40.055583],[-82.752495,40.053056]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.753436,40.0531],[-82.752884,40.053078],[-82.752696,40.055608],[-82.75322,40.055623],[-82.753436,40.0531]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.753821,40.053111],[-82.753624,40.055652],[-82.754167,40.055671],[-82.754359,40.053133],[-82.753821,40.053111]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.750651,40.052978],[-82.750113,40.052954],[-82.74996,40.054932],[-82.750498,40.054949],[-82.750651,40.052978]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-82.760548,40.052057,-82.724055,40.119005],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-04-14","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1-2"},{"date":"2025-06-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Roof complete on Building 5 (QTS-owned). In the northernmost area, land clearing begins on a new Meta site for Buildings 16-20. Building 1 still has construction work around the building and cooling equipment, so it's unlikely to be operational."},{"date":"2025-09-20","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 4 operational. Based on our default estimate of roof-to-operational time."},{"date":"2025-10-14","compute":86623.83527033855,"power":76,"facilityPower":99,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, based on there being minimal construction work and cars in the main carpark. Building 2 still has some construction work around the building. Building 18 roof is complete. The on-site power at Socrates South and Socrates North has some outlines of gas turbines, to be installed later."},{"date":"2026-01-18","compute":419441.73319858516,"power":368,"facilityPower":478,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Buildings 2-6 are operational, based on all equipment being in place, the paved ground, and minimal construction equipment by the buildings. Buildings 7-11 all have some kind of power or cooling equipment lining their right side which are not fully installed. Building 14 has chillers installed. Buildings 16-20 roofs are complete. The Socrates South power plant to the right of Buildings 7-11 has 7 gas turbines in place, judging by the exhaust stacks."},{"date":"2026-03-12","compute":419441.73319858516,"power":368,"facilityPower":478,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"The Socrates South power plant to the right of Buildings 7-12 now has 10 natural gas turbines in place, judging by the number of exhaust stacks. Battery backup has been installed nearby. To the north, a new section of tent buildings has begun east of Buildings 16-20."},{"date":"2026-05-18","compute":419441.73319858516,"power":368,"facilityPower":478,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Building 7-11 (Meta tents) look structurally complete but not operational, given there is still construction activity, including at the adjacent Socrates South power plant. Northern tents (Buildings 16-27) are all roofed except for 21 and 27."},{"date":"2026-08-31","compute":536343.0015159171,"power":471,"facilityPower":612,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":10,"notes":"Buildings 7-10 (tents) are operational, based on infrared drone video from RAAD (raad.com) captured on this date. The video suggests that 138.8 MW of nameplate turbine capacity is operating at the Socrates South power plant (about 69% of the 200 MW nameplate capacity), and Buildings 7-10 roof vents are bright on infrared while Buildings 11-12 vents are not. That's 4/6 buildings operating, implying about 67% of capacity, which is consistent with 69% of the power plant operating. In the north, Buildings 16-27 (tents) look to be in a completed state. Each northern set of 6 tents still awaits to be connected to one of the corresponding power plants to become operational. Drone video from August 19th shows no turbines operating at Socrates North, though there are 3 small diesel generators operating. Building 13 (Vantage) is still under construction, we estimate another 3 months before operability."},{"date":"2026-11-30","compute":770145.528044467,"power":676,"facilityPower":878,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":18,"notes":"Socrates South and Socrates North gas power plants are fully operational, enabling the operability of Buildings 11-12 and 16-21. This completes the 2 sets of 6 tents associated with Socrates South and Socrates North. This is based [on](https://dis.puc.state.oh.us/CaseRecord.aspx?CaseNo=25-0188-EL-BGN) [documents](https://dis.puc.state.oh.us/ViewImage.aspx?CMID=A1001001A25E29B42006E01696) [stating](https://www.williams.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2025/03/Socrates-North-Fact-Sheet-Final-1.pdf) \"late Third or early Fourth Quarter of 2026\", \"late 2026\", \"November 2026\", \"third quarter of 2026\". The timeline also lines up with RAAD drone imagery from 09/08/26 seeing operating turbines at Socrates South and a full set of turbines installed but not yet operating at Socrates North."},{"date":"2027-01-15","compute":843091.9151086408,"power":740,"facilityPower":962,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":19,"notes":"Building 13 (Vantage) is operational, based on the pace of construction seen in earlier images."},{"date":"2027-04-15","compute":916038.3021728146,"power":804,"facilityPower":1045,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":20,"notes":"Building 14 (Vantage) is operational, based on it starting construction about 3 months after Building 13."},{"date":"2027-07-14","compute":988984.6892369884,"power":868,"facilityPower":1128,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":21,"notes":"Building 15 (Vantage) operational, based on it starting construction about 3 months after Building 14. "},{"date":"2028-07-01","compute":1164336.5841334006,"power":1022,"facilityPower":1328,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":27,"notes":"Buildings 22-27 (3rd set of 6 Meta tents) are operational. This is a conservative estimate to align with the operability of the [Socrates the Younger](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gqu84nBqkyrrwMQy6nSiPykpyQsgLoao/view?usp=sharing) power plant. The power plant is operational by Q3 of 2028 based on the [project schedule](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QaUa8QxoeLfxm3Dz0y-i0ByrIxgrpEAO/view?usp=sharing). It is announced to produce a maximum of 250MW. "}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-10-14","type":"B300","count":34286,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-03-12","type":"B300","count":166015,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-08-31","type":"B300","count":166015,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"openai-stargate-abilene","name":"OpenAI Stargate Abilene","owner":"Oracle","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Abilene","state":"Texas","address":"5502 Spinks Rd, Abilene, TX 79601","coordinates":[-99.78560811260724,32.501314051807306],"operating":true,"compute":509348.15563415864,"power":421,"cost":15.948322,"chipTypes":["B200","B300"],"description":"Abilene is the first of several planned Stargate sites across the U.S. and globally, expected to host OpenAI’s largest compute cluster.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","regulatory filings","drone imagery"],"sources":[{"title":"Crusoe 2024 Impact Report, with details on Abilene","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oHWA9vmpvFOh-LvDy5fgq_wq5ITuxd1r/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Air Permit Application for buildings 1-2, featuring blueprints on p.157","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FgfX6hqojlBtqNXJHjzJmnwWAMx4_M0b/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Mortensen’s profile of the project, with details of substations","url":"https://www.mortenson.com/projects/abilene-data-center-development"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/197BW-5tHutOzJ_LTv990eCO_M8nUXT2t1nl--UfMIUk/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-abilene","footprintM2":489504,"shapes":[{"points":[[-99.7808319414725,32.50049243674296],[-99.78083751901626,32.49747666346056],[-99.7788832591053,32.49748018928253],[-99.7788830587196,32.500482998892466],[-99.7808319414725,32.50049243674296]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.7839856030544,32.49751223257478],[-99.7820084592053,32.49749436508027],[-99.78201522216473,32.500500196789886],[-99.78396685739403,32.500509849145516],[-99.7839856030544,32.49751223257478]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.78514740250421,32.50051230092663],[-99.78709527298491,32.50052230491015],[-99.78711248305073,32.49751944652557],[-99.78515071255812,32.49751396624636],[-99.78514740250421,32.50051230092663]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.79265277016682,32.498993892057584],[-99.7926978182169,32.49599666192684],[-99.79071893364488,32.49599209028372],[-99.790701170369,32.4989845236626],[-99.79265277016682,32.498993892057584]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.7959939249786,32.4990068311438],[-99.79603419379039,32.49601565175561],[-99.79408264359672,32.496017330082225],[-99.79406861320906,32.49901131729828],[-99.7959939249786,32.4990068311438]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.77770478464821,32.500479450489536],[-99.77768707680752,32.49747265670662],[-99.77573582394655,32.49745059539423],[-99.7757655520589,32.50046959262308],[-99.77770478464821,32.500479450489536]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.77924290416854,32.50657527349843],[-99.77919573295601,32.50358833604646],[-99.77724539277506,32.50360155156815],[-99.77728659631602,32.50658826812614],[-99.77924290416854,32.50657527349843]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.7819953752155,32.50654627277706],[-99.78196202307872,32.50355687111211],[-99.7800120372728,32.50357796695609],[-99.78005014015993,32.50656412461552],[-99.7819953752155,32.50654627277706]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-99.79603419379039,32.49599209028372,-99.77573582394655,32.50658826812614],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-05-31","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for northern two buildings (Building 1-2)"},{"date":"2025-06-28","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 looks close to finishing construction, with chillers in place. OpenAI [stated](https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/) that \"Oracle began delivering the first NVIDIA GB200 racks in June.\" The \"tenant improvement\" work [is not due](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2025000156) until September, however."},{"date":"2025-09-26","compute":127337.03890853966,"power":105,"facilityPower":147,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is fully operational around this date. The first phase was \"live\" on September 30 according a Crusoe [announcement](https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoe-announces-flagship-abilene-data-center-is-live). While the first phase consists of Building 1 and 2, the language doesn't outright confirm that both buildings are fully operational. The announcement also stated that \"Oracle began delivering the first NVIDIA GB200 racks in June\", and we think 3 months is enough time to ram to 50,000 GB200s in Building 1. The satellite image also suggests that Building 1 is complete (shell and equipment done, many cars neatly parked) while Building 2 is ongoing (trucks and construction equipment still present). The 200 MW [substation](https://www.mortenson.com/projects/abilene-data-center-development) built in 2022 and expanded in 2024 is enough to power both buildings. To the right of Building 2, five gas turbines are in place with five more turbines still under construction. Chillers are partly installed for Building 3. Roof is complete for Building 4. The larger 1 GW substation is not complete yet."},{"date":"2025-12-24","compute":254674.07781707932,"power":211,"facilityPower":295,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is fully operational. This exact date corresponds to the expected completion date of \"Four (4) data hall spaces and an administrative office build-out\" according to a [TDLR filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2025007742), but this date is also consistent with satellite imagery. By January 15, Building 2 looked as finished as Building 1, whereas on September 26 it did not look finished."},{"date":"2026-01-15","compute":254674.07781707932,"power":211,"facilityPower":295,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"The 1 GW substation looks close to completion. Building 3 appears to have all power and cooling equipment installed, but there are still signs of construction work. This seems on track for operation in 3 months. Building 4 has about 80% of chillers installed. Other buildings have few or no chillers installed."},{"date":"2026-03-24","compute":254674.07781707932,"power":211,"facilityPower":295,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 and 4 look complete, but are not fully operational. Not as many cars are parked next to it as Building 1-2 which suggests they may still be ramping up. Building 4 was due by now according to a [regulatory filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2025014756). Building 5 still has light construction activity, while Building 6 still lacks chillers. The on-site power plant to the right of Building 2 looks complete."},{"date":"2026-05-23","compute":509348.15563415864,"power":421,"facilityPower":590,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 3 and 4 are estimated to be operational. On April 22nd, Oracle [posted](https://x.com/i/status/2047012589302153558) that \"In Abilene, 200MW is already operational\". This suggests that there was still only Building 1 and 2 operational. Since Buildings 3 and 4 looked complete from the outside on March 24th, we give it another month after Oracle's post for them to be operational. This would also give the buildings a similar 1 year 4 months timeline that Buildings 1 took from land clearing to being operational."},{"date":"2026-07-28","compute":509348.15563415864,"power":421,"facilityPower":590,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 5-8 are structurally complete and roofed but not yet confirmed operational (fit-out ongoing). The substation looks complete."},{"date":"2026-11-01","compute":1018696.3112683173,"power":843,"facilityPower":1180,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":8,"notes":"Buildings 5-8 are estimated to be operational. On March 24, Building 8 roughly looked like where Building 3 was in September. Building 3 is estimated to be operational in April, 7 months later. This naively suggests Building 8 will be operational by early November, 7 months after March 24."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-09-26","type":"B200","count":50400,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2025-12-24","type":"B200","count":100800,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-05-23","type":"B300","count":100800,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Oracle","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"dayone-kempas","name":"DayOne Kempas","owner":"","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[],"country":"Malaysia","city":"Kempas","state":"Johor","address":"HP79+MP, 81300 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","coordinates":[103.719869,1.5594260000000002],"operating":true,"compute":480638.7064173825,"power":421.691664,"cost":15.974523615648,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency","company disclosures","drone imagery"],"sources":[{"title":"News of Phase 2 operation","url":"https://www.moomoo.com/news/post/41886329/support-ai-computing-deployment-gds-holdings-nusajaya-technology-park-datacenter?level=1&data_ticket=1778269491837872"},{"title":"Archived DayOne website - \"120 MW in operation\" in Johor","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20241231165420/https://dayonedc.com/"},{"title":"Archived DayOne website - 390 MW \"in service\" in Johor","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260314134756/https://dayonedc.com/market/johor"},{"title":"Financial Times report that Alibaba and ByteDance are training AI models in southeast Asia","url":"https://www.ft.com/content/96fe9898-a3a4-4a33-be1d-da06bdb6cb2b"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1R_LGG2zmZMczforjzOT_qqrBk-683L64lNIoQr5J1CY/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/dayone-kempas","footprintM2":156565,"shapes":[{"points":[[103.72049,1.560983],[103.720313,1.561025],[103.720017,1.560016],[103.720211,1.559978],[103.720157,1.559814],[103.720941,1.559592],[103.720977,1.559744],[103.721188,1.55969],[103.721472,1.560707],[103.721267,1.560761],[103.721299,1.560909],[103.72052,1.561121],[103.72049,1.560983]],"complete":true},{"points":[[103.721933,1.56057],[103.721756,1.560612],[103.72146,1.559603],[103.721654,1.559565],[103.721601,1.559401],[103.722384,1.559179],[103.72242,1.559331],[103.722631,1.559277],[103.722915,1.560294],[103.72271,1.560348],[103.722743,1.560496],[103.721963,1.560708],[103.721933,1.56057]],"complete":true},{"points":[[103.723254,1.56021],[103.723077,1.560252],[103.72278,1.559243],[103.722958,1.559199],[103.722921,1.559041],[103.723704,1.558819],[103.723741,1.558971],[103.723951,1.558918],[103.724236,1.559934],[103.724031,1.559988],[103.724063,1.560137],[103.723284,1.560349],[103.723254,1.56021]],"complete":true},{"points":[[103.722387,1.558749],[103.7222,1.558803],[103.721959,1.557829],[103.722135,1.557776],[103.722081,1.557612],[103.722944,1.557379],[103.722983,1.557501],[103.72312,1.557459],[103.723399,1.558471],[103.723177,1.558524],[103.723223,1.558707],[103.722425,1.558917],[103.722387,1.558749]],"complete":true},{"points":[[103.721089,1.559112],[103.720902,1.559165],[103.720661,1.558191],[103.720837,1.558138],[103.720784,1.557974],[103.721647,1.557741],[103.721685,1.557863],[103.721822,1.557821],[103.722101,1.558833],[103.72188,1.558886],[103.721926,1.55907],[103.721127,1.55928],[103.721089,1.559112]],"complete":true},{"points":[[103.71864,1.559735],[103.718453,1.559788],[103.718212,1.558815],[103.718388,1.558761],[103.718334,1.558597],[103.719198,1.558364],[103.719236,1.558487],[103.719373,1.558445],[103.719652,1.559456],[103.719431,1.55951],[103.719476,1.559693],[103.718678,1.559903],[103.71864,1.559735]],"complete":true},{"points":[[103.717332,1.560123],[103.717184,1.560163],[103.716906,1.559189],[103.717079,1.559147],[103.717036,1.558991],[103.717894,1.558783],[103.717922,1.558878],[103.718048,1.558846],[103.718329,1.559839],[103.718095,1.559902],[103.718138,1.560015],[103.717375,1.560236],[103.717332,1.560123]],"complete":true},{"points":[[103.719184,1.561334],[103.719007,1.561376],[103.71871,1.560368],[103.718904,1.56033],[103.718851,1.560165],[103.719634,1.559944],[103.719671,1.560095],[103.719881,1.560042],[103.720166,1.561059],[103.719957,1.561124],[103.719993,1.561261],[103.719214,1.561473],[103.719184,1.561334]],"complete":true},{"points":[[103.715605,1.559983],[103.715502,1.5596],[103.716713,1.559263],[103.716833,1.559648],[103.715605,1.559983]],"complete":true}],"extent":[103.715502,1.557379,103.724236,1.561473],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Site is cleared earth with earthworks underway across the campus footprint; no building shells visible."},{"date":"2025-09-15","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"In this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HODHjDbFt10) at 6:28, some fans can be seen in motion for Building 3. However, we think it's unlikely that any buildings are at fully operational capacity yet. Buildings 1-4 are roofed. Building 5-6 shells are underway."},{"date":"2026-01-22","compute":91408.28701364326,"power":80.197707,"facilityPower":112.2767898,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Buildings 3 and 4 are operational. This is based on construction looking complete, and DayOne [reporting](https://archive.is/8CFXN) 390 MW \"in service\" across both Nusajaya and Kempas campuses as of Jan 30. Subtracting our [Nusajaya estimates](https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/dayone-nusajaya) (69.5 MW excluded in Phase 1 + 240.3 MW AI) implies ~80 MW in service at KTP, consistent with roughly 2 buildings per our ~49.6 MW per-building estimate, but not at full capacity. Buildings 1 and 2 look complete with rooftop cooling equipment installed (32 units each, in 2 strips of 16). The units are almost all single-fan cells; Building 2 has one strip of 16 single-fan cells and one darker bank of 16 long multi-fan air-cooled (slat) units - this suggests an cell-to-air-cooled power equivalence that informs our power estimates. The smaller Building 9 (west of Building 1, half fit-out: 16 cells) also has its cooling installed. Building 5 has rooftop equipment partially installed; Building 6 is roofed; Buildings 7-8 shells are still underway."},{"date":"2026-06-01","compute":254455.78575037897,"power":223.248528,"facilityPower":312.5479392,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Buildings 1-4 and the smaller Building 9 assumed fully operational: cooling equipment was installed by Jan 2026 (Building 9 on the same timeline as Building 1) and the implied KTP in-service figure (~80 MW) shows them ramping in early 2026, so we allow ~3 more months to reach full capacity. Rooftop equipment texture is visible campus-wide."},{"date":"2026-08-10","compute":254455.78575037897,"power":223.248528,"facilityPower":312.5479392,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Buildings 5-6 look complete and parking lot activity suggests they are nearly operational. Building 7-8 nearing completion with some construction equipment still in their vicinity."},{"date":"2026-09-01","compute":367547.2460838808,"power":322.470096,"facilityPower":451.4581344,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Buildings 5-6 assumed operational. These buildings were roofed between Sep and Dec 2025 and equipment fit-out was underway in Jan 2026; applying the default roof-to-operational delay plus ramp time approximates their operability to this date."},{"date":"2026-10-01","compute":480638.7064173825,"power":421.691664,"facilityPower":590.3683296,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":9,"notes":"Buildings 7-8 assumed operational. These buildings were roofed by March 2026 and by August 2026 their cooling and backup power equipment looked complete. With an additional two months of commissioning after August we approximate their operability to this date."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-01-22","type":"B300","count":36179,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-06-01","type":"B300","count":100714,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-09-01","type":"B300","count":145475,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-10-01","type":"B300","count":190237,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"microsoft-fairwater-wisconsin","name":"Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin","owner":"Microsoft","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"likely"},{"name":"Microsoft","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"United States","city":"Mount Pleasant","state":"Wisconsin","address":"4800 90th St, Mount Pleasant, WI 53403","coordinates":[-87.91520349999999,42.683925],"operating":true,"compute":445679.63617988885,"power":369,"cost":13.978458,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"Microsoft describes Fairwater Wisconsin as its most powerful data center yet, likely providing training compute for OpenAI.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Microsoft blog with engineering details","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/09/18/inside-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/"},{"title":"Microsoft blog with more general information","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2025/09/18/made-in-wisconsin-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/"},{"title":"Construction Permit Application for building 1","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1azyXnreQBuYEqX2oaSUgePDGCMneez5Z/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Plan for 9-building and 6-building expansions","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PQKzfauDNzabN7oNviMKTvsZmxlsUVpG/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"OpenAI article mentioning they use Microsoft's Fairwater supercomputers","url":"https://openai.com/index/mrc-supercomputer-networking/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1CRnOKjeb6z5VFPyeA7xaMrbppOD5dCS7TE20kvQyb8E/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-fairwater-wisconsin","footprintM2":340652,"shapes":[{"points":[[-87.926613,42.692296],[-87.926613,42.696564],[-87.928391,42.696564],[-87.928391,42.692296],[-87.926613,42.692296]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-87.92405,42.692262],[-87.92405,42.69653],[-87.925829,42.69653],[-87.925829,42.692262],[-87.92405,42.692262]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-87.896485,42.67544],[-87.897256,42.675439],[-87.897242,42.673352],[-87.897691,42.673352],[-87.897684,42.673497],[-87.898181,42.673509],[-87.898173,42.673909],[-87.900303,42.673903],[-87.900721,42.673845],[-87.901659,42.673845],[-87.901667,42.672581],[-87.898228,42.672581],[-87.898244,42.672842],[-87.897684,42.672853],[-87.897684,42.673201],[-87.897242,42.673213],[-87.897258,42.67116],[-87.896509,42.671143],[-87.896485,42.67544]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-87.913632,42.673037],[-87.913688,42.671135],[-87.912883,42.671117],[-87.912891,42.671993],[-87.912567,42.671993],[-87.91256,42.671802],[-87.912,42.671773],[-87.912,42.671373],[-87.908765,42.671413],[-87.908765,42.672776],[-87.912015,42.672782],[-87.912015,42.672527],[-87.912552,42.672515],[-87.912552,42.672225],[-87.912875,42.672237],[-87.912844,42.673054],[-87.913632,42.673037]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-87.921531,42.692255],[-87.921531,42.696523],[-87.923309,42.696523],[-87.923309,42.692255],[-87.921531,42.692255]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-87.928391,42.671117,-87.896485,42.696564],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-07-14","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1."},{"date":"2025-09-26","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 cooling and backup generators all look complete from above but there is still construction visible around the building. Building 2 is well underway with a foundation and a complete substation. Large carpark and concrete area north of Building 2. Building 3 has a concrete foundation and a substation underway."},{"date":"2026-01-28","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 looks complete, but based on Microsoft announcements, it's not fully operational yet. Steel framing is underway for Building 2."},{"date":"2026-04-16","compute":445679.63617988885,"power":369,"facilityPower":442,"waterMGD":0.00771,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational. [X post](https://x.com/satyanadella/status/2044767391293509761?s=61) from Microsoft saying this date for Fairwater becoming operational. "},{"date":"2026-05-15","compute":445679.63617988885,"power":369,"facilityPower":442,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"The main shell of Building 2 looks almost completed. In Area 2 (northwest of Buildings 1-2), the grading for the original design has been replaced with grading for the new [9-building design](https://www.mtpleasantwi.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_01212026-1292), making way for Buildings 3-11. Work continues on the northern substation in Area 2."},{"date":"2027-02-20","compute":889338.0495199596,"power":737,"facilityPower":885,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational. This is estimated based on (1) the delay between Building 1 and Building 2 starting land clearing, (2) in March 2025, a Microsoft spokesperson [said](https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-pauses-construction-on-parts-of-mount-pleasant-site-again) “fully on track” with the first phase , where “southern datacenter buildings complete, and preparation begins for operations” was [expected](https://local.microsoft.com/blog/mount-pleasant-datacenter-project-update/) by late 2026. Finally, while it's not 100% consistent with our estimates, MISO was [planning](https://cdn.misoenergy.org/NEW%20LOAD%20ANNOUNCEMENTS%20IN%20MISO%20REGIONS%2012062024684954.pdf) 1480 MW of load for Microsoft in Mount Pleasant in 2026."},{"date":"2028-05-13","compute":4527539.161192521,"power":2263,"facilityPower":2715,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":11,"notes":"Buildings 3-11 are estimated to be operational. The grading for this revised 9-building plan was underway in May 2026, and we assume an average 2-year [build time](https://epoch.ai/data-insights/data-centers-buildout-speeds) from that point."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-04-16","type":"B200","count":176391,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"Microsoft","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-columbus","name":"Google Columbus","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Columbus","state":"Ohio","address":"5076 S High St, Columbus, OH 43207","coordinates":[-82.9966065,39.849132999999995],"operating":true,"compute":331985.85144012125,"power":303,"cost":11.478245999999999,"chipTypes":["TPU v5e","TPU v5p","TPU v6e","TPU v7"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","chip efficiency","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"DCD article detailing early work beginning on the site ","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-breaks-ground-on-columbus-ohio-data-center/"},{"title":"Transmission line construction notice; details current site capacity, expansion, and maximum future site capacity ","url":"https://www.aeptransmission.com/ohio/docs/Hartman%20Farms%20Extension%20No.%202%20138%20kV%20Transmission%20Line%20Project%20Construction%20Notice.pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17vNqp7jsx3CUwFeUfxIyI3KA0uZ0Bh7BNkrVyH77Ohs/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-columbus","footprintM2":137230,"shapes":[{"points":[[-82.99532,39.847848],[-82.995265,39.845422],[-82.994094,39.845433],[-82.994121,39.847514],[-82.994012,39.847514],[-82.994012,39.847848],[-82.99532,39.847848]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.995456,39.8533],[-82.995415,39.850863],[-82.994271,39.850853],[-82.994271,39.852976],[-82.994203,39.852976],[-82.994189,39.853289],[-82.995456,39.8533]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-83.000168,39.847352],[-82.999703,39.844966],[-82.998542,39.845089],[-82.998905,39.847151],[-82.998788,39.847185],[-82.998847,39.847474],[-83.000168,39.847352]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-83.000604,39.850186],[-83.000226,39.847778],[-82.999006,39.847912],[-82.999398,39.849985],[-82.999282,39.849985],[-82.99934,39.850286],[-83.000604,39.850186]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-83.000805,39.853015],[-83.000363,39.850609],[-82.999211,39.850704],[-82.999636,39.853126],[-83.000805,39.853015]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-83.000805,39.844966,-82.994012,39.8533],"timeline":[{"date":"2021-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins on the eastern half of the site, for Buildings 1-2"},{"date":"2023-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 2 foundation work begins. Building 1 generators seem complete, cooling towers still under construction."},{"date":"2024-04-01","compute":32794.34057604851,"power":65,"facilityPower":78,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. No visible construction and roads/parking complete around the building. Building 2 chillers are beginning construction. Foundation work begins for Building 3."},{"date":"2025-03-01","compute":89944.416371905,"power":130,"facilityPower":156,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 operational. Parking complete, no more visible construction."},{"date":"2025-10-01","compute":211217.7867609904,"power":216,"facilityPower":260,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 operational. Surrounding roads finished, no more visible construction. "},{"date":"2026-02-21","compute":211217.7867609904,"power":216,"facilityPower":260,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Buildings 1-3 are visibly operational, with steam coming out of the cooling towers. Meanwhile Building 4 is extremely close to completion, with all backup generators complete with only 3 cooling towers missing their fans. ~1/2 the generators are installed for Building 5, and the roof is mostly complete (starting to install the final white layer, with the actual roof structure already complete)."},{"date":"2026-05-01","compute":331985.85144012125,"power":303,"facilityPower":364,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 operational. No more visible construction, and since only 3 fans needed to be installed since Feburary, operational date was likely soon after. Building 5 roof almost complete. "},{"date":"2026-08-05","compute":331985.85144012125,"power":303,"facilityPower":364,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Confirmation that Building 4 is complete. Building 5 has progressed since February, with a complete roof, all backup generators in place, and five cooling towers in place. "},{"date":"2027-07-01","compute":576048.5093481556,"power":386,"facilityPower":464,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Building 5 operational. The [transmission line construction notice](https://www.aeptransmission.com/ohio/docs/Hartman%20Farms%20Extension%20No.%202%20138%20kV%20Transmission%20Line%20Project%20Construction%20Notice.pdf) that expands site by 100 MW is assumed to be entirely for Building 5, and has an in-service date of July 1, 2027 (page 3). Estimate taken on the safe side based on completion times for Building 3-4 from when roof was complete."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-04-01","type":"TPU v5e","count":147878,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-04-01","type":"TPU v5p","count":7425,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-03-01","type":"TPU v6e","count":41245,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-03-01","type":"TPU v5p","count":28246,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-03-01","type":"TPU v5e","count":193949,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-10-01","type":"TPU v6e","count":172060,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-05-01","type":"TPU v6e","count":204638,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-05-01","type":"TPU v7","count":38886,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-new-albany","name":"Google New Albany","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"New Albany","state":"Ohio","address":"1101 Beech Rd SW, New Albany, OH 43054","coordinates":[-82.76773765755071,40.05676742111392],"operating":true,"compute":323900.9600808489,"power":333,"cost":12.614706,"chipTypes":["TPU v5e","TPU v5p","TPU v6e"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Draft basis of air permit for Google Omaha, a similar data center","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KN7o-wQOyt1UEud8wpM8PymXJF479r0n/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"2025 Environmental Report","url":"https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2025-environmental-report/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b9T05Ze9Kv3Um4C6wv2uVYB0q7KgZ4AQaDPnaoh-ro0/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-new-albany","footprintM2":133338,"shapes":[{"points":[[-82.76920415860002,40.053569384766405],[-82.7660737623511,40.053410621911496],[-82.76599694281143,40.05428087301627],[-82.7687160876282,40.054421585190056],[-82.76870875734268,40.054504564017094],[-82.76912349808327,40.05451901411831],[-82.76920415860002,40.053569384766405]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.76687272243109,40.058468409877605],[-82.76696276250016,40.05758816405995],[-82.7642410967744,40.05745346351864],[-82.76423700404393,40.05736261881708],[-82.76381954554193,40.0573406907676],[-82.76372950547288,40.058314915873325],[-82.76687272243109,40.058468409877605]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.77227859633953,40.060590668262165],[-82.77249194122179,40.058179747742116],[-82.77134050634069,40.058122115131624],[-82.77115539828048,40.06022567382249],[-82.77104558841455,40.060220871250976],[-82.77101421416735,40.060528235141504],[-82.77227859633953,40.060590668262165]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.765343413127,40.05352108508487],[-82.76220871808296,40.053371281816396],[-82.76213448418491,40.0542623481372],[-82.76484739571941,40.0543889044377],[-82.76484064718316,40.05446638777113],[-82.76526243069345,40.05449221552911],[-82.765343413127,40.05352108508487]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.77272420634138,40.055347123894904],[-82.77157084297072,40.05528657004186],[-82.77140012853657,40.05737405338468],[-82.77130436190286,40.05737086643552],[-82.77127521553612,40.057679999769135],[-82.77252434554096,40.057740551494646],[-82.77272420634138,40.055347123894904]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-82.77272420634138,40.053371281816396,-82.76213448418491,40.060590668262165],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-04-20","compute":33703.89085396665,"power":67,"facilityPower":80,"waterMGD":0.845,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational. Based on ~7 months since roof being completed, and cooling towers being installed sometime within that period. Building 2 roof is complete."},{"date":"2024-09-13","compute":72764.02223345124,"power":144,"facilityPower":173,"waterMGD":0.966,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational. Google Earth imagery shows 6 cooling towers installed as of 2024-04-20, and a final 7th unit appeared as of 2024-09-13, with minimal construction around the building. Building 3 roof is also complete."},{"date":"2025-06-01","compute":167761.49570490146,"power":222,"facilityPower":267,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational, based on all cooling units and tanks installed, minimal construction work around the building. Building 4 still has some work around the cooling towers. Work is underway on Building 5 - some walls and a few backup generators are in place."},{"date":"2025-10-14","compute":323900.9600808489,"power":333,"facilityPower":400,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 is operational, based on all cooling units and tanks installed, minimal construction work around the building. Building 5 roof is half complete. About half of the backup generators are in place. One cooling tower is partly built."},{"date":"2026-01-18","compute":323900.9600808489,"power":333,"facilityPower":400,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Water vapor from cooling towers is present across Building 1-4, confirming their operation. Building 5 roof is still incomplete, but most backup generators and 5 cooling towers have been installed."},{"date":"2026-03-12","compute":323900.9600808489,"power":333,"facilityPower":400,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 5 has more cooling towers installed but not complete, and the roof is almost complete."},{"date":"2026-05-18","compute":323900.9600808489,"power":333,"facilityPower":400,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 5 has all cooling towers installed, and all other components look complete, but there is still light work around the building. Based on that, we estimate 3 more months until operational."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-04-20","type":"TPU v5e","count":151829,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-04-20","type":"TPU v5p","count":7624,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-09-13","type":"TPU v5p","count":50653,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-09-13","type":"TPU v5e","count":247041,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-06-01","type":"TPU v6e","count":94843,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-06-01","type":"TPU v5p","count":66612,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-10-14","type":"TPU v6e","count":262731,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-mesa","name":"Google Mesa","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"","state":"","address":"","coordinates":[-111.67636455,33.354616839390594],"operating":true,"compute":289540.17180394137,"power":183,"cost":6.932405999999999,"chipTypes":["TPU v6e","TPU v5p"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"DCD article on the site breaking ground","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-breaks-ground-on-mesa-data-center-campus-in-arizona/"},{"title":"DCD article on announcement to build Building 2","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-files-to-build-second-data-center-at-mesa-campus-in-arizona/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1A_7rJWFKkspUPlYTmyg5JKL18OIzVgwLdhy3YbLs3eQ/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-mesa","footprintM2":56208,"shapes":[{"points":[[-111.6786588,33.3543891],[-111.6786588,33.3519656],[-111.6774938,33.3519656],[-111.6774938,33.3543891],[-111.6786588,33.3543891]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-111.67443372378013,33.3544069],[-111.67443372378013,33.3519847],[-111.6733575,33.3519847],[-111.6733575,33.3544069],[-111.67443372378013,33.3544069]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-111.6786588,33.3519656,-111.6733575,33.3544069],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for the entire site."},{"date":"2025-07-01","compute":110156.6447700859,"power":90,"facilityPower":126,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational. This is based on the state of construction on 2025-03-02 as seen on [Google Earth](https://earth.google.com/web/@33.35450568,-111.67805903,407.02398359a,2119.1496037d,35y,-0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDI1LTAzLTAyGAFCAggBQgIIAEoNCP___________wEQAA), where building shell and external components seems to have been completed, but there is still a lot of construction equipment present. That equipment appears to have been cleared up by this date, 4 months later, with the 2025-09-07 satellite imagery providing an upper bound. Construction has begun on the Building 2 roof, with work beginning on the areas for cooling and generators as well. "},{"date":"2025-09-07","compute":110156.6447700859,"power":90,"facilityPower":126,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 roof is mostly completed. Building 2's backup generators are almost complete, and cooling is a little more than halfway complete. The Building 2 substation is also under construction."},{"date":"2026-05-15","compute":110156.6447700859,"power":90,"facilityPower":126,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 is close to being operational. There is only construction left on the backup generators, which are almost complete. Some equipment is also strewn around the building, especially near the air-cooled chillers. Preparation seems to have begun for Building 3 at the site. "},{"date":"2026-08-15","compute":289540.17180394137,"power":183,"facilityPower":237,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational. This is estimated based on the close-to-complete construction status from May 2026."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-07-01","type":"TPU v6e","count":109631,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-07-01","type":"TPU v5p","count":18447,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"colossus-1","name":"Colossus 1","owner":"SpaceX / xAI","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Anthropic","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Memphis","state":"Tennessee","address":"3231 Riverport Rd, Memphis, TN 38109","coordinates":[-90.15546042296336,35.06016616737861],"operating":true,"compute":275795.85649317835,"power":340,"cost":12.87988,"chipTypes":["H100","H200","B200"],"description":"In May 2026, Anthropic signed an agreement with SpaceX to use all of Colossus 1’s compute capacity.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","regulatory filings"],"sources":[{"title":"May 2025 Electricity Provider Disclosure","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/17WAFThn95X85ebzA_e19R1zYycwFzAl2/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"July 2025 Permit for Gas Turbines","url":"https://www.scribd.com/document/883601734/01156-01PC-070225-Permit"},{"title":"Southern Environmental Law Center Gas Permit Appeal, with additional satellite images","url":"https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/NAACP-and-YGGs-xAI-Air-Permit-Appeal-7-15-2025.pdf"},{"title":"Disclosure on X (formerly Twitter) by Elon Musk of the breakdown of GPUs","url":"https://archive.is/oHQSA"},{"title":"Anthropic announcement","url":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/higher-limits-spacex"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1aXs4vx7AMrzUIR3YeBvJRAD_rmDiioY9zR95DZdDa_s/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/colossus-1","footprintM2":74525,"shapes":[{"points":[[-90.15731755276282,35.0616941098678],[-90.15744691279704,35.06040561024382],[-90.15761893432851,35.06040561024382],[-90.15768651421594,35.05977197318947],[-90.15751449268448,35.059761915419],[-90.15771723358935,35.05826329313632],[-90.15734861602189,35.05824317722245],[-90.15731175426531,35.05852479957103],[-90.15585571487544,35.05840913336684],[-90.15589257663203,35.05816271351547],[-90.15546866642968,35.05812248163271],[-90.15542566104682,35.058373930576465],[-90.15529015851718,35.05954679688598],[-90.15568949421494,35.05957697027365],[-90.15568949421494,35.05964737480184],[-90.15509970610744,35.059608970211244],[-90.15500140808913,35.060502282084826],[-90.15490311007142,35.060502282084826],[-90.15490311007142,35.06058777232083],[-90.15498912083713,35.06059280115558],[-90.15495840033284,35.06084424388362],[-90.15556047569292,35.06088447442568],[-90.1554806085529,35.06154827550503],[-90.15731755276282,35.0616941098678]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-90.15771723358935,35.05812248163271,-90.15490311007142,35.0616941098678],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-04-24","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction starts with a road added on site, retrofitting a former Electrolux building."},{"date":"2024-08-11","compute":25000,"power":35,"facilityPower":45,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"First [significant/useful training workload](https://x.ai/colossus) on 25k H100s."},{"date":"2024-09-02","compute":100000,"power":139,"facilityPower":181,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"[100k H100s online](https://archive.is/z39uN)."},{"date":"2025-02-17","compute":200000,"power":278,"facilityPower":361,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"150k H100s and 50k H200s online. This is roughly when [Musk](https://archive.is/z39uN) [said](https://archive.is/z39uN), plus on this date they reported \"running jobs with 150K+ GPUs\"."},{"date":"2025-03-06","compute":null,"power":278,"facilityPower":361,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Second substation almost connected (red cables)"},{"date":"2025-07-22","compute":275795.85649317835,"power":340,"facilityPower":442,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"30k B200s [added](https://archive.is/oHQSA) (in GB200 configuration)."},{"date":"2025-09-17","compute":209125.31581606873,"power":268,"facilityPower":348,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Third substation looks completed, but it doesn't appear to be connected to the building yet. Some air-cooled chillers removed, while large cooling towers are added."},{"date":"2025-10-19","compute":209125.31581606873,"power":268,"facilityPower":348,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"There is still construction visible in the third substation yard and next to the new cooling towers."},{"date":"2025-11-07","compute":275795.85649317835,"power":340,"facilityPower":442,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Third substation was expected to power the building in Fall."},{"date":"2026-02-11","compute":275795.85649317835,"power":340,"facilityPower":425,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"All air-cooled chillers have been disconnected and/or removed from the site, leaving only the cooling towers for cooling. The third substation looks complete, with red cables connected to the building."},{"date":"2026-05-06","compute":275795.85649317835,"power":340,"facilityPower":425,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Anthropic [announces](https://www.anthropic.com/news/higher-limits-spacex) their agreement with SpaceX to use all of the compute capacity at Colossus 1. They state that this corresponds to more than 300 MW (presumably IT power) and over 220,000 GPUs. This is slightly different to previous reports adding up to 230,000 GPUs, but still roughly consistent with our estimates."},{"date":"2026-06-01","compute":275795.85649317835,"power":340,"facilityPower":425,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"We assume that Anthropic has started using Colossus 1 now, since the announcement said they would get access to 300 MW \"within the month\" of May."},{"date":"2026-06-15","compute":275795.85649317835,"power":340,"facilityPower":425,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"No major changes to the data center since February. Solar panels have been placed next to the facility."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-08-11","type":"H100","count":25000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2024-09-02","type":"H100","count":100000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2025-02-17","type":"H100","count":150000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2025-02-17","type":"H200","count":50000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2025-07-22","type":"B200","count":30000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-06-01","type":"H200","count":50000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-06-01","type":"B200","count":30000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-06-01","type":"H100","count":150000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"SpaceXAI","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-council-bluffs-east","name":"Google Council Bluffs (East)","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Council Bluffs","state":"Iowa","address":"10410 Bunge Ave, Council Bluffs, IA 51503","coordinates":[-95.796854,41.172774000000004],"operating":true,"compute":255684.68923698837,"power":237,"cost":8.978034,"chipTypes":["TPU v5e","TPU v6e","TPU v5p","TPU v7"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Construction permit application form with site address","url":"https://programs.iowadnr.gov/easyair/Public/EnSuite/Shared/Pages/Util/ServerRptViewer.aspx?sr=/IDNR/Reports/EASY/RPT_Construction_Application_A_GEN&SUBMISSION_RID=67330&SUB_FORM_RID=148293"},{"title":"Construction permit application form with backup generator data","url":"https://programs.iowadnr.gov/easyair/Public/EnSuite/Shared/Pages/Util/ServerRptViewer.aspx?sr=/IDNR/Reports/EASY/RPT_Construction_Application_E_EU&SUBMISSION_RID=67330&SUB_FORM_RID=148297"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1wIuGUtPoKnZZcFKFmNXy5vQCiBT8RK3S31bIOYlxFmI/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-council-bluffs-east","footprintM2":144524,"shapes":[{"points":[[-95.803176,41.169739],[-95.799977,41.169723],[-95.799973,41.170699],[-95.802755,41.170693],[-95.802755,41.170774],[-95.803171,41.170774],[-95.803176,41.169739]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-95.79377,41.173143],[-95.790572,41.173126],[-95.790568,41.174103],[-95.793349,41.174096],[-95.793349,41.174178],[-95.793766,41.174178],[-95.79377,41.173143]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-95.806764,41.16974],[-95.803566,41.169724],[-95.803561,41.170701],[-95.806343,41.170694],[-95.806343,41.170776],[-95.80676,41.170776],[-95.806764,41.16974]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-95.790247,41.173133],[-95.787045,41.173129],[-95.787038,41.174102],[-95.78982,41.174102],[-95.78982,41.174187],[-95.790234,41.174187],[-95.790247,41.173133]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-95.790311,41.169271],[-95.789024,41.169266],[-95.789037,41.171776],[-95.790211,41.171776],[-95.790204,41.169668],[-95.790311,41.169663],[-95.790311,41.169271]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-95.806764,41.169266,-95.787038,41.174187],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-09-06","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for east buildings"},{"date":"2024-11-19","compute":48660.93986862052,"power":79,"facilityPower":95,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational. Google Earth shows Building 1 had all backup generators and cooling towers installed by the end of August, but construction work was ongoing and there were almost no cars parked. By February 2025, Google Earth shows no construction work and many cars. So our best guess is in the middle, in November 2024. Building 3 roof is complete."},{"date":"2025-06-15","compute":145528.04446690247,"power":158,"facilityPower":190,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational. Assuming it takes 3 months after generators and cooling towers are finished, similar to Building 1."},{"date":"2025-07-19","compute":145528.04446690247,"power":158,"facilityPower":190,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Land clearing begins in the southwest, suggesting more buildings are planned."},{"date":"2026-01-11","compute":145528.04446690247,"power":158,"facilityPower":190,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 has all 34 backup generators installed and 4 cooling towers installed, with 3 more cooling towers under construction. There are gaps between cooling towers suggesting that more could be added. Buildings 1 and 2 are running close to full capacity, given that water vapor is coming out of 5 of 7 cooling towers for each building. The land cleared in the southwest appears to be shaped for two more similar buildings, with notches for substations."},{"date":"2026-07-07","compute":255684.68923698837,"power":237,"facilityPower":284,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational. 7 cooling towers were finally installed despite being more spread out compared to the first two buildings. Cooling towers models vary slightly between buildings. Ground clearing to the southwest seems to be setting up for two more buildings."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-11-19","type":"TPU v5e","count":84203,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-11-19","type":"TPU v6e","count":15419,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-11-19","type":"TPU v5p","count":38053,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-06-15","type":"TPU v6e","count":111739,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-06-15","type":"TPU v5p","count":54261,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-07-07","type":"TPU v7","count":41923,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-07-07","type":"TPU v6e","count":125181,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-denton-tx","name":"CoreWeave Denton TX","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"United States","city":"Denton","state":"Texas","address":"8171 Jim Christal Rd, Denton, TX 76207","coordinates":[-97.21003106243163,33.21479285],"operating":true,"compute":252652.85497726125,"power":262,"cost":9.925084,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"Formerly a bitcoin-mining facility, the Denton site is being repurposed to run AI workloads on CoreWeave’s GPUs, with 260 MW contracted to CoreWeave.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Core Scientific - CoreWeave Announce 1.2B expansion in Denton, TX","url":"https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/110/core-scientific-and-coreweave-announce-1-2-billion-expansion-at-denton-tx-site"},{"title":"Core Scientific - Denton Datacenter Official Site","url":"https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/denton-texas/"},{"title":"TMF - Core Scientific Q4 2025 Earnings Transcript","url":"https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/03/02/core-scientific-corz-q4-2025-earnings-transcript/"},{"title":"WSJ - plans to rent to OpenAI","url":"https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/coreweave-stock-market-ai-bubble-a3c8c321"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1xIG1Y6Rg3s4ShcmUUgwodjgLphcXRLqMqpDcrXh34jQ/edit?usp=sharingsharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-denton-tx","footprintM2":48834,"shapes":[{"points":[[-97.2105161,33.2176398],[-97.2105307,33.2173384],[-97.2083228,33.2173139],[-97.2083228,33.21763],[-97.2105161,33.2176398]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.2105294,33.2171645],[-97.2105353,33.2168836],[-97.2083437,33.2168688],[-97.2083379,33.2171546],[-97.2105294,33.2171645]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.21056325308729,33.21355816999876],[-97.2105777,33.2132584],[-97.2083787,33.2132355],[-97.20837464965,33.21355145461372],[-97.21056325308729,33.21355816999876]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.2105959,33.2130905],[-97.2105913,33.2128195],[-97.2083878,33.212808],[-97.2083878,33.213079],[-97.2105959,33.2130905]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.2105852,33.2126691],[-97.2105898,33.212402],[-97.2083999,33.2123752],[-97.2083908,33.2126462],[-97.2105852,33.2126691]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.2115186,33.2178795],[-97.2115186,33.2169286],[-97.2111451,33.2169286],[-97.2111451,33.2178795],[-97.2115186,33.2178795]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.20892452304689,33.21573296201724],[-97.20892452304689,33.21379384102019],[-97.20849619134191,33.21379384102019],[-97.20849619134191,33.21573296201724],[-97.20892452304689,33.21573296201724]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.21202496575168,33.213449767556284],[-97.21202496575168,33.21249475949698],[-97.21164730141737,33.21249475949698],[-97.21164730141737,33.213449767556284],[-97.21202496575168,33.213449767556284]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-97.21202496575168,33.2123752,-97.2083228,33.2178795],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-11-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction start - The [Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Print/TABS2025005706) reports Core Scientific is converting existing Bitcoin mining buildings into AI data centers, planning to build AROUND the existing Denton Energy Center."},{"date":"2025-05-31","compute":7781.707933299646,"power":8,"facilityPower":11,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"First 8 MW billable tranche dedicated to AI [starts running at the site](https://investors.corescientific.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001628280-25-023161/q12025corescientificinc-ea.htm), with another 40 scheduled by the end of the quarter."},{"date":"2025-12-31","compute":64679.13087417888,"power":67,"facilityPower":94,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Half the campus energized. 67 billable MW [are now dedicated](https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_68280da94b2098ec46fcbe3f4628ea40/corescientific/db/1085/11265/presentation/Q4+FY25+earnings+deck+vfinal.2+PDF.pdf) to CoreWeave's GPUs across three buildings. "},{"date":"2026-02-23","compute":126326.42748863062,"power":131,"facilityPower":183,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 1-3 (Denton North) are largely built out/operational, and Denton South has its first data hall plus support equipment substantially installed. Remaining Denton South buildings (4-7) still under construction. This is according to satellite imagery."},{"date":"2026-03-02","compute":126326.42748863062,"power":131,"facilityPower":183,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 1-3 (Denton North) are fully operational running AI (Denton North at 90 MW, Denton South partially running at 41). This is according to an [earnings call](https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/03/02/core-scientific-corz-q4-2025-earnings-transcript/) from this date."},{"date":"2026-07-03","compute":252652.85497726125,"power":262,"facilityPower":367,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Buildings 1-7 are operational and running, with no construction work visible. This is based on both satellite imagery, and the [Q2 2026 Earnings call](https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_68280da94b2098ec46fcbe3f4628ea40/corescientific/db/1066/11282/pdf/Q2+FY26+earnings+deck+7.28+AM.pdf) stating the campus was operational by midyear 2026."},{"date":"2026-09-01","compute":252652.85497726125,"power":262,"facilityPower":367,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Building 8 interior fit-out scheduled to begin. [TDLR project TABS2026028247](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Projects/TABS2026028247) schedules a $110M interior fit-out of the existing 27,678.22 sq ft Building A as a data hall beginning September 1, 2026."},{"date":"2027-05-31","compute":271854.4719555331,"power":282,"facilityPower":395,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":8,"notes":"Building 8 projected operational. [TDLR project TABS2026028247](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Projects/TABS2026028247) schedules Building A's data-hall fit-out for completion by this date. "}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-12-31","type":"B200","count":16000,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-02-23","type":"B200","count":50000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-07-03","type":"B200","count":100000,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"qts-richmond-1","name":"QTS Richmond 1","owner":"","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Sandston","state":"Virginia","address":"6000 Technology Blvd, Sandston, VA 23150","coordinates":[-77.24694500000001,37.485458],"operating":true,"compute":242546.7407781708,"power":238,"cost":9.015915999999999,"chipTypes":[],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Richmond 1 factsheet","url":"https://qtsdatacenters.com/data-centers/richmond-1/"},{"title":"Environmental permit detailing power generation","url":"https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/25650/638627871515730000"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1tCoNEu-EK4B261RUWGlDO_341hPs9hnwBtkGO2dDOcA/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/qts-richmond-1","footprintM2":0,"shapes":[],"extent":null,"timeline":[{"date":"2023-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land cleared for site expansion, some materials down at substation site. We assume that Buildings 1 and 2 are not running AI workloads at this point due to the lack of cooling infrastructure."},{"date":"2023-11-02","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 retrofitting has begun (see [Google Earth](https://earth.google.com/web/@37.48913637,-77.24705465,44.31788662a,1464.06665017d,30.00094375y,3.66969189h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDIzLTExLTAyGAFCAggBMikKJwolCiExWVNYSWZQZkcydXVMYm1nUDkyc2NObE1QenF1VGRVV2cgAToDCgEwQgIIAEoICMOJgf0CEAE)). Building 1 has chillers added to the roof and perimeter, and backup generators added to the perimeter."},{"date":"2024-01-29","compute":33855.482566953004,"power":47,"facilityPower":66,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 (retrofitted) is operational. This is based on it looking complete, and cooling towers possibly showing water vapor plumes, in this [Google Earth image](https://earth.google.com/web/@37.4875167,-77.24806799,43.67572425a,2395.6622579d,30.00094375y,3.66969189h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDI0LTAyLTA2GAFCAggBMikKJwolCiExWVNYSWZQZkcydXVMYm1nUDkyc2NObE1QenF1VGRVV2cgAToDCgEwQgIIAEoICMOJgf0CEAE). Building 2 has chillers added to the roof and perimeter, and backup generators added to the perimeter. Cooling towers near Building 2 have been removed.  Building 3 shell is under construction. "},{"date":"2024-06-23","compute":67710.96513390601,"power":94,"facilityPower":132,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 (retrofitted) is operational. This is based on Building 2 looking compelte, and construction around Building 1 and 2 being mostly cleared. A colored motion artifact on one of the Building 1 cooling tower fans suggests it is moving. Building 3 cooling is installed, backup generators partly installed. Building 4 shell is under construction."},{"date":"2025-02-04","compute":125821.1217786761,"power":142,"facilityPower":199,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational, based on the building looking complete and the carpark to the south being full. Three more backup generators added to the Building 1 and 2 area, with a lot more construction equipment again (but this could be a laydown area for Richmond 2). Building 4 has cooling and backup generators fully installed. Building 5 has cooling installed, and backup generators partly installed."},{"date":"2025-06-03","compute":183931.27842344617,"power":190,"facilityPower":266,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 is operational, based on a complete building and full carpark in a [Google Earth image](https://earth.google.com/web/@37.48350155,-77.25010039,60.24751599a,83.68032361d,30.00094375y,3.66969189h,0t,0r/data=CgwqBggBEgAYAUICCAEyKQonCiUKITFZU1hJZlBmRzJ1dUxibWdQOTJzY05sTVB6cXVUZFVXZyABOgMKATBCAggASggIw4mB_QIQAQ). Building 5 does not seem quite operational given the empty carpark and construction activity at the perimeter."},{"date":"2025-11-19","compute":242546.7407781708,"power":238,"facilityPower":333,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Building 5 is operational, based on a complete building and full carpark in a [Google Earth image](https://earth.google.com/web/@37.48747566,-77.2485616,47.03705985a,2549.72172121d,30.00094375y,3.66969189h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDI1LTExLTE5GAFCAggBMikKJwolCiExWVNYSWZQZkcydXVMYm1nUDkyc2NObE1QenF1VGRVV2cgAToDCgEwQgIIAEoICMOJgf0CEAE). Construction equipment around Building 1 and 2 has cleared up again."},{"date":"2025-12-31","compute":242546.7407781708,"power":238,"facilityPower":333,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"No changes to the site since November 2025."},{"date":"2026-02-13","compute":242546.7407781708,"power":238,"facilityPower":333,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"No changes to the site since December 2025."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-rosemount","name":"Meta Rosemount","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Rosemount","state":"Minnesota","address":"1772-2396 145th St, Rosemount, MN 55068, USA","coordinates":[-93.06195911251868,44.73396395117844],"operating":true,"compute":215675.11520970188,"power":178,"cost":6.742996,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"The campus sits on 280 acres of former University of Minnesota UMore Park land.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","structural similarity to known buildings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Official Meta announcement.","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/03/hello-rosemount/"},{"title":"Air quality permit for initial buildout.","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i2D0eMp9uc1CfRhymu69Bms5wz9q0Rkc/view?usp=sharing"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11pdqhcJnw3iAwraTho9AW4m7WyBdvTR9sYzK0z5-SC8/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-rosemount","footprintM2":60880,"shapes":[{"points":[[-93.06122386151247,44.733159062499254],[-93.06122386151247,44.736239664018456],[-93.06241888495462,44.736239664018456],[-93.06241888495462,44.733159062499254],[-93.06122386151247,44.733159062499254]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-93.0642456847156,44.73313368613012],[-93.0642456847156,44.735786999188974],[-93.0654646651586,44.735786999188974],[-93.0654646651586,44.73313368613012],[-93.0642456847156,44.73313368613012]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-93.0654646651586,44.73313368613012,-93.06122386151247,44.736239664018456],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-05-30","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land is cleared."},{"date":"2026-03-21","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Both buildings and their cooling infrastructure look complete, but the site probably is likely still under commissioning, and few cars are parked to the right of Building 1. We give another 3 months before it's operational."},{"date":"2026-06-19","compute":215675.11520970188,"power":178,"facilityPower":241,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 are estimated to be operational."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-06-19","type":"B200","count":85364,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"amazon-madison-mega-site","name":"Amazon Madison Mega Site","owner":"Amazon","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Anthropic","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Canton","state":"Mississippi","address":"Amazon Data Services Inc, Madison Mega Site Nissan Parkway and Highway 22 Canton, Mississippi Madison County","coordinates":[-90.0913695,32.597381],"operating":true,"compute":214348.14354550533,"power":284,"cost":10.758488,"chipTypes":["Trainium2"],"description":"This site is likely part of the Anthropic–Amazon Project Rainier collaboration.","estimationMethods":["regulatory filings","chip efficiency","third-party reporting"],"sources":[{"title":"Air Construction Permit","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lhSF8TBA7fNWsN4Onj-nfL7X_-BN573r/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Backup diesel generator referenced in the permit","url":"https://www.cat.com/en_US/products/new/power-systems/electric-power/diesel-generator-sets/117341.html"},{"title":"New York Times article on Project Rainier","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/24/technology/amazon-ai-data-centers.html"},{"title":"SemiAnalysis article with imagery of Canton they have labeled as being an Amazon-Anthropic collaboration","url":"https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/amazons-ai-resurgence-aws-anthropics-multi-gigawatt-trainium-expansion"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10asD982gArQ0CQTVo_v331kEx_vDnwhWAusaYo1zsto/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/amazon-madison-mega-site","footprintM2":243056,"shapes":[{"points":[[-90.087834,32.597513],[-90.085123,32.600233],[-90.085541,32.600528],[-90.088278,32.597804],[-90.087834,32.597513]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.088503,32.599028],[-90.085771,32.601738],[-90.086187,32.602021],[-90.088946,32.599319],[-90.088503,32.599028]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.089219,32.599455],[-90.086508,32.602175],[-90.086902,32.602449],[-90.089662,32.599746],[-90.089219,32.599455]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.091525,32.599322],[-90.088814,32.602043],[-90.089209,32.602316],[-90.091969,32.599614],[-90.091525,32.599322]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.092162,32.596549],[-90.089451,32.599269],[-90.089846,32.599543],[-90.092606,32.596841],[-90.092162,32.596549]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.090033,32.595107],[-90.087932,32.597196],[-90.08846,32.597589],[-90.090575,32.595485],[-90.090033,32.595107]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.084904,32.600413],[-90.082193,32.603133],[-90.08261,32.603427],[-90.085348,32.600704],[-90.084904,32.600413]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.091443,32.596069],[-90.08874,32.598759],[-90.089161,32.599077],[-90.091864,32.596357],[-90.091443,32.596069]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.099605,32.595763],[-90.096341,32.595782],[-90.096343,32.596379],[-90.099602,32.596366],[-90.099605,32.595763]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.095996,32.59638],[-90.095996,32.595782],[-90.092767,32.595773],[-90.092764,32.596362],[-90.095996,32.59638]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.09604,32.594154],[-90.092789,32.594161],[-90.092797,32.594761],[-90.096035,32.594761],[-90.09604,32.594154]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-90.099612,32.594171],[-90.09636,32.594165],[-90.096365,32.594772],[-90.099609,32.594757],[-90.099612,32.594171]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-90.099612,32.594154,-90.082193,32.603427],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-10-02","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins"},{"date":"2025-03-11","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Generators and chillers still being installed on buildings 1-5."},{"date":"2025-06-23","compute":214348.14354550533,"power":284,"facilityPower":341,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Buildings 1-5 are operational, based on roofs being completed 5 months ago and generators being installed by 2025-04-10."},{"date":"2025-10-04","compute":214348.14354550533,"power":284,"facilityPower":341,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Confirmation that five buildings are fully equipped with cooling and backup generators."},{"date":"2026-06-04","compute":214348.14354550533,"power":284,"facilityPower":341,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Buildings 6 and 7 roof completed. Building 8 roof nearly completed. Building 9 roof half way up. No new operational buildings."},{"date":"2027-03-01","compute":300087.4009637075,"power":284,"facilityPower":478,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Buildings 6 and 7 operational, estimated from roofs having been completed 9 months ago (similar timeline to AWS buildings at New Carlisle in 2025)."},{"date":"2028-03-15","compute":514435.54450921173,"power":683,"facilityPower":819,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":12,"notes":"Buildings 8-12 are operational. In June of 2026 only a faint outline of buildings 10,11 and 12 is visible, estimating construction completion to be the end of 2027, alligning with [expected completion by 2027](https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-confirmed-as-company-behind-10bn-mississippi-data-center-development/). This final estimates adds three months to that for server installation. "}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-06-23","type":"Trainium2","count":326555,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Amazon","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-bristow","name":"Google Bristow","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind"}],"country":"United States","city":"Bristow","state":"Virginia","address":"13001 Rollins Ford Road, Bristow, VA 20136","coordinates":[-77.582982,38.777169],"operating":true,"compute":209860.53562405254,"power":238,"cost":9.015915999999999,"chipTypes":["TPU v5e","TPU v5p","TPU v6e","TPU v7"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model"],"sources":[{"title":"Google Environmental Report","url":"https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2026-environmental-report/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1nMKioHt4E_5xu4mVeM7kf1eFoegL4TYoZnWsQlE_hl8/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-bristow","footprintM2":80367,"shapes":[{"points":[[-77.58775,38.77996],[-77.585768,38.778067],[-77.58487,38.778634],[-77.586622,38.780261],[-77.586503,38.780313],[-77.5868,38.780556],[-77.58775,38.77996]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-77.583459,38.777242],[-77.584078,38.776416],[-77.581603,38.775116],[-77.580953,38.775835],[-77.583155,38.776988],[-77.583103,38.777062],[-77.583459,38.777242]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-77.58717,38.774738],[-77.584559,38.77334],[-77.583972,38.774141],[-77.586195,38.775269],[-77.586174,38.775367],[-77.586499,38.775515],[-77.58717,38.774738]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-77.58775,38.77334,-77.580953,38.780556],"timeline":[{"date":"2021-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2024-04-29","compute":43895.6038403234,"power":87,"facilityPower":104,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, based off of colored motion artifacts from cooling towers.  Building 2 is undergoing construction."},{"date":"2025-04-29","compute":120248.61040929763,"power":174,"facilityPower":208,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational, based off it being at least 12 months since the roof was complete. Building 3 is finishing construction of cooling towers."},{"date":"2026-05-20","compute":209860.53562405254,"power":238,"facilityPower":286,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational, based off of colored motion artifacts from cooling towers."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-04-29","type":"TPU v5e","count":197837,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-04-29","type":"TPU v5p","count":9934,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-04-29","type":"TPU v5e","count":259473,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-04-29","type":"TPU v6e","count":55179,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-04-29","type":"TPU v5p","count":37789,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-05-20","type":"TPU v7","count":34087,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-05-20","type":"TPU v6e","count":66108,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"microsoft-goodyear","name":"Microsoft Goodyear","owner":"Microsoft","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"likely"},{"name":"Microsoft","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Goodyear","state":"Arizona","address":"14250 W Broadway Rd, Goodyear, AZ 85338","coordinates":[-112.36633687933517,33.41100157433634],"operating":true,"compute":205154.11824153614,"power":202,"cost":7.652164000000001,"chipTypes":["H100","B200"],"description":"In May 2026, Microsoft indicated that its own MAI-Thinking-1 model was trained at the Goodyear facility.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Maricopa County map","url":"https://gis.maricopa.gov/aqd/recordsviewer/#"},{"title":"Dust control permit","url":"https://edms.maricopa.gov/aq/api/Document/AQizTh7Ek3Odb1UYnAFQc%C3%81Z0k59aCsu4%C3%890gw6xcPqnhTfYtG7scD%C3%89BewWyX4qdzXFk%C3%81xL9%C3%89VthN71ODAxZuKKeU%3D/"},{"title":"SemiAnalysis article","url":"https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/microsofts-ai-strategy-deconstructed"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12pVrAs40UMGZwxdJz5lyFlr-CATUwl4Im42BVDvi8-A/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-goodyear","footprintM2":91379,"shapes":[{"points":[[-112.36687505999572,33.40877692324658],[-112.36272697350852,33.40877565461784],[-112.36272697350852,33.40930389530192],[-112.36686973010926,33.40930489277427],[-112.36687505999572,33.40877692324658]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-112.36272928532888,33.40998079227391],[-112.36272433512545,33.41050355341581],[-112.36695057608914,33.41050205958676],[-112.36695143484393,33.40997897629596],[-112.36272928532888,33.40998079227391]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-112.36695323170072,33.41129903136884],[-112.36272908622998,33.41129675087954],[-112.36272627241986,33.411820531188184],[-112.36695281451641,33.41182269605507],[-112.36695323170072,33.41129903136884]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-112.3627259529758,33.413081127305645],[-112.36695100692982,33.41308075809964],[-112.36695219735283,33.41255510381838],[-112.36272467946483,33.41255492698444],[-112.3627259529758,33.413081127305645]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-112.36695323170072,33.40877565461784,-112.36272433512545,33.413081127305645],"timeline":[{"date":"2021-06-21","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1."},{"date":"2023-04-24","compute":29156.13946437595,"power":40,"facilityPower":53,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. Based on interpolating satellite images from Sentinel-2 and Google Earth."},{"date":"2025-01-16","compute":58110.15664477008,"power":81,"facilityPower":105,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 operational. Based on interpolating satellite images from Sentinel-2 and Google Earth."},{"date":"2025-09-01","compute":205154.11824153614,"power":202,"facilityPower":263,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 3 and 4 operational. Based on interpolating satellite images from Sentinel-2 and Google Earth."},{"date":"2025-11-12","compute":205154.11824153614,"power":202,"facilityPower":263,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Confirmation that Building 3 and 4 look complete."},{"date":"2026-04-27","compute":205154.11824153614,"power":202,"facilityPower":263,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Foundations appear to be underway for Building 5 and 6, just north of Building 4."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2023-04-24","type":"H100","count":29151,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-01-16","type":"H100","count":58302,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-09-01","type":"B200","count":58121,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Microsoft","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-jeffersonville","name":"Meta Jeffersonville","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Jeffersonville","state":"Indiana","address":"500 8th St, Jeffersonville, IN 47130, USA","coordinates":[-85.6642963326903,38.36946610265511],"operating":true,"compute":203132.89540171804,"power":178,"cost":6.742996,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","structural similarity to known buildings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Official Meta Fact Sheet ","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Meta_s-Jeffersonville-Data-Center.pdf"},{"title":"Turner Construction contractor presenting their involvement in the project.","url":"https://www.turnerconstruction.com/insights/turner-construction-company-to-build-hyperscale-data-center-for-meta-in-indiana"},{"title":"Air Quality Permit for initial buildout","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RpOCS_z32qaWskhhAJL8_QjU9VSz5Eqh/view?usp=sharing"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1AlQw55-NjGpM-Ti15amJZY50REI4vcJ4EYwH7mIfglo/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-jeffersonville","footprintM2":60832,"shapes":[{"points":[[-85.6626773319086,38.36949770483565],[-85.66517920716454,38.36780538439348],[-85.66445153756395,38.36713870183851],[-85.66194966230799,38.36885667902098],[-85.6626773319086,38.36949770483565]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-85.66478797421847,38.37145049890964],[-85.66776406112396,38.36943130285377],[-85.66702821546056,38.36877745586514],[-85.66407665674349,38.37080949039276],[-85.66478797421847,38.37145049890964]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-85.66776406112396,38.36713870183851,-85.66194966230799,38.37145049890964],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-02-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2026-03-06","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 shell and cooling look complete, but there's still construction activity. We give it another 3 months to operational."},{"date":"2026-06-04","compute":203132.89540171804,"power":178,"facilityPower":241,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 are operational."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-03-06","type":"B300","count":80486,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-kansas-city-east","name":"Google Kansas City East","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Kansas City","state":"Missouri","address":"","coordinates":[-94.46421849999999,39.1796205],"operating":true,"compute":202627.5896917635,"power":105,"cost":3.9776099999999994,"chipTypes":[],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip efficiency","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"Hunt Midwest Business Center press release linking data center with Google","url":"https://huntmidwest.com/2024/03/google-announces-1-billion-data-center-at-hunt-midwest-business-center/"},{"title":"DCD article on the site","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-files-project-plan-for-data-center-in-kansas-city-missouri/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12x1HahypL5ZlDEbpMrF9ZWB95DSWXztFLL6AwkvU408/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-kansas-city-east","footprintM2":114023,"shapes":[{"points":[[-94.471475,39.185748],[-94.471747,39.184881],[-94.46873,39.184225],[-94.468429,39.185165],[-94.471475,39.185748]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-94.464217,39.180855],[-94.463504,39.18016],[-94.462237,39.180905],[-94.461004,39.181606],[-94.461681,39.182313],[-94.464217,39.180855]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-94.463473,39.174988],[-94.463473,39.173954],[-94.460334,39.173954],[-94.460334,39.174988],[-94.463473,39.174988]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-94.466968,39.184598],[-94.467619,39.183791],[-94.465015,39.182463],[-94.464381,39.183271],[-94.466968,39.184598]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-94.471747,39.173954,-94.460334,39.185748],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-01-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing has begun for the site"},{"date":"2024-03-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Foundation work begins on Building 1"},{"date":"2024-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Foundation work begins on Building 2. Building 1 roof is fully black. "},{"date":"2025-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Foundation work begins for Building 3. Building 1 generators seem complete."},{"date":"2025-11-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Foundation work begins for Building 4. Building 2 roof is almost complete, and construction appears to have started on cooling. Building 1 cooling construction continues, and the substation right next to it seems finished as well. "},{"date":"2026-04-16","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 is almost complete, with only cooling needing 4 more fans. Building 2 backup generator construction has begun, and cooling tower installation is about halfway complete. Building 3's roof is almost complete, and construction has started on generators and cooling. A clear foundation has been cleared for Building 4, though no construction has begun."},{"date":"2026-08-01","compute":202627.5896917635,"power":105,"facilityPower":126,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. Estimated based on present construction progress and typical timelines."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-temple","name":"Meta Temple","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Temple","state":"Texas","address":"2310 Eberhardt Rd, Temple, TX 76504","coordinates":[-97.3667185,31.130952],"operating":true,"compute":202472.98777125112,"power":178,"cost":6.742996,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"A traditional H-shaped Meta data center was partially built here by 2023, only to be demolished in favor of Meta’s new AI-optimized design.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"JE Dunn project page","url":"https://jedunn.com/projects/meta-temple-data-center/"},{"title":"TDLR filing","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2022017728"},{"title":"TDLR filing","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026008019"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1SwdruUu3hHAs6hd0m3SvZY22bGBCO7-9aiLSCiJl6-k/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-temple","footprintM2":127332,"shapes":[{"points":[[-97.369236,31.132376],[-97.370288,31.12965],[-97.368871,31.129256],[-97.367856,31.131975],[-97.369236,31.132376]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.372212,31.133695],[-97.373416,31.130545],[-97.372077,31.130174],[-97.370828,31.133298],[-97.372212,31.133695]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.371283,31.128589],[-97.368098,31.127711],[-97.367758,31.128579],[-97.370943,31.129446],[-97.371283,31.128589]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-97.373416,31.127711,-97.367758,31.133695],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-04-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2023-02-05","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"A traditional H-shaped Meta data center is partially built."},{"date":"2023-04-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"The traditional Meta data center has been demolished mid-construction, in favor of Meta's new AI-optimized design."},{"date":"2025-11-15","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 look complete from outside, with all electrical and cooling equipment installed. Space is cleared for Building 3."},{"date":"2025-12-09","compute":173247.6719844078,"power":152,"facilityPower":198,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 are operational. Activity related to the air quality permit (namely, emergency diesel generators) was reported to have started as of 2025-12-09. This is our best estimate, but note that the planned completion date in this [regulatory filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2022017728) is 2026-03-01."},{"date":"2026-02-24","compute":173247.6719844078,"power":152,"facilityPower":198,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 is under construction. An outline is visible for the building which has similar dimensions to those deployed at the Meta Prometheus site."},{"date":"2026-09-30","compute":202472.98777125112,"power":178,"facilityPower":231,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational. Based on the stated completion date in this [regulatory filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026008019)"}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-12-09","type":"B300","count":68571,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-09-30","type":"B300","count":80139,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"aws-new-albany","name":"AWS New Albany","owner":"Amazon","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"New Albany","state":"Ohio","address":"13360 Miller Rd NW","coordinates":[-82.74031615,40.105900899999995],"operating":true,"compute":201111.67256189996,"power":213,"cost":8.068866,"chipTypes":["Trainium2","H100","H200","B200"],"description":"We believe this is part of the broader AWS Ohio region, potentially serving many different users. We only include the capacity taken up by leading AI chips, which we estimate to be 44%.","estimationMethods":["regulatory filings","company disclosures","third-party reporting","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"City of New Albany Project Updates","url":"https://newalbanyohio.org/community-development/project-updates/"},{"title":"New Albany Community Development Report - Dec. 2024","url":"https://newalbanyohio.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CD-2024-12.pdf"},{"title":"New Albany Community Development Report - Aug. 2025","url":"https://newalbanyohio.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/CD-2025-08.pdf"},{"title":"Article reporting first signing of the project","url":"https://www.wosu.org/politics-government/2023-09-20/new-albany-city-council-approves-tax-break-deal-for-3-5-billion-amazon-data-center-project"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10uynqa40vg0ycoigE2TRah3aUPEDlMCb-n1w-IdN7sQ/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/aws-new-albany","footprintM2":234621,"shapes":[{"points":[[-82.7472834,40.1171422],[-82.7473246,40.1165112],[-82.7451754,40.116404],[-82.7451424,40.117057],[-82.7472834,40.1171422]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.7471772,40.118525],[-82.7472226,40.1179035],[-82.7450239,40.1177805],[-82.7449909,40.1184492],[-82.7471772,40.118525]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.7476552,40.1195576],[-82.7476964,40.1189803],[-82.7452956,40.1188699],[-82.7452461,40.1194661],[-82.7476552,40.1195576]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.7554827,40.1174418],[-82.755528,40.1168582],[-82.7552021,40.1168456],[-82.755198,40.1169497],[-82.7534118,40.1168582],[-82.7533788,40.117385],[-82.7554827,40.1174418]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.7337864,40.0959503],[-82.7338345,40.0952878],[-82.730186,40.095116],[-82.730154,40.095803],[-82.7337864,40.0959503]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.7338406,40.0946775],[-82.7338991,40.0940395],[-82.730297,40.093885],[-82.7302332,40.0945109],[-82.7338406,40.0946775]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.733915,40.0938728],[-82.7339575,40.0932429],[-82.7303554,40.0930843],[-82.7302917,40.0937184],[-82.733915,40.0938728]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.7292925,40.0926056],[-82.7293563,40.0919797],[-82.7257276,40.0918089],[-82.7256904,40.092443],[-82.7292925,40.0926056]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.7296353,40.0949527],[-82.7296832,40.093957],[-82.728865,40.0939042],[-82.7287906,40.094908],[-82.7296353,40.0949527]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.7518765,40.107681],[-82.7519918,40.1060828],[-82.7511313,40.1060357],[-82.7510622,40.1076458],[-82.7518765,40.107681]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.750171,40.1073755],[-82.7503861,40.1041495],[-82.7495026,40.1040848],[-82.7493105,40.1073461],[-82.750171,40.1073755]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-82.7520859,40.104737],[-82.7522088,40.1030623],[-82.7513868,40.1030212],[-82.7512716,40.1047018],[-82.7520859,40.104737]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.7504188,40.1038556],[-82.7506032,40.1010878],[-82.7497427,40.1010349],[-82.7495891,40.1038262],[-82.7504188,40.1038556]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.7522319,40.1028566],[-82.7523471,40.1012053],[-82.751502,40.1011642],[-82.7514252,40.1028096],[-82.7522319,40.1028566]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-82.755528,40.0918089,-82.7256904,40.1195576],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Buildings 5-9 (eastern campus)."},{"date":"2024-12-01","compute":92470.94492167761,"power":113,"facilityPower":136,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Buildings 5-9 (eastern campus) operational. [New Albany’s Dec. 2024 report](https://newalbanyohio.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CD-2024-12.pdf) lists AWS partial occupancy for 5 buildings at the eastern campus. Note that we're only including roughly 44% of all the New Albany campuses IT Power as being dedicated to leading AI chips, based on all the types of compute instances [listed](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/latest/instancetypes/ec2-instance-regions.html). The full IT power is much higher than 113 MW."},{"date":"2026-03-12","compute":201111.67256189996,"power":213,"facilityPower":255,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":9,"notes":"Middle campus Buildings 10, 12, 13, and 14 appear complete/likely operational. Building 11 is still installing backup generators, so it is not counted as operational. Based on satellite imagery, northern campus Buildings 1-3 appear in late construction, with all roofs complete but nearby generator/cooling equipment still being installed for buildings 2-3. Building 4 is still early in construction. Eastern campus Buildings 5-9 appear complete and operational as expected. Note that we're only including roughly 44% of all the New Albany campuses IT Power as being dedicated to leading AI chips, based on all the types of compute instances [listed](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/latest/instancetypes/ec2-instance-regions.html)."},{"date":"2026-05-18","compute":201111.67256189996,"power":213,"facilityPower":255,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":9,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows Building 1 in the northern campus still appears structurally finished, with no visible change from the prior two months, but we're still not counting it operational due to visible construction work around the perimeter. Buildings 2-3 still have nearby generators/cooling equipment being installed, and Building 4 is only roughly 80% roofed. Eastern campus Buildings 5-9 remain operational. Middle campus Buildings 10, 12, 13, and 14 remain operational; Building 11 is still installing backup generators and is not counted."},{"date":"2027-07-01","compute":351692.77412834764,"power":338,"facilityPower":405,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":14,"notes":"Expected operational date for the remaining tracked buildings (11, and 1-4) across the three campuses. This estimate is based on the previous buildings taking roughly 1.5 years from steel framing to complete operational status. Note that we're only including roughly 44% of all the New Albany campuses IT Power as being dedicated to leading AI chips, based on all the types of compute instances [listed](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/latest/instancetypes/ec2-instance-regions.html)."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-12-01","type":"Trainium2","count":8714,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-12-01","type":"H100","count":64944,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-12-01","type":"H200","count":21648,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-03-12","type":"Trainium2","count":36702,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-03-12","type":"B200","count":34917,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-03-12","type":"H200","count":23603,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-05-18","type":"B200","count":46847,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Amazon","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-omaha","name":"Google Omaha","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Omaha","state":"Nebraska","address":"11110 State St, Omaha, NE 68142","coordinates":[-96.0888765,41.341728],"operating":true,"compute":198585.14401212733,"power":237,"cost":8.978034,"chipTypes":["TPU v5e","TPU v5p","TPU v6e","TPU v7"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Draft basis of air permit with details of cooling towers","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KN7o-wQOyt1UEud8wpM8PymXJF479r0n/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"2025 Environmental Report","url":"https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2025-environmental-report/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1GeUMas99qz2kfy3nhfmVEjPNgDNYfXgOoTiUx1EG_P0/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-omaha","footprintM2":85348,"shapes":[{"points":[[-96.086407,41.338783],[-96.085724,41.338029],[-96.083438,41.339244],[-96.083387,41.3392],[-96.083003,41.339398],[-96.083769,41.340207],[-96.086407,41.338783]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-96.089389,41.341448],[-96.088586,41.340757],[-96.086566,41.342219],[-96.086458,41.342179],[-96.086152,41.342402],[-96.087071,41.343127],[-96.089389,41.341448]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-96.094765,41.345951],[-96.094772,41.346057],[-96.095313,41.346057],[-96.095306,41.345049],[-96.09194,41.345033],[-96.091947,41.345957],[-96.094765,41.345951]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-96.095313,41.338029,-96.083003,41.346057],"timeline":[{"date":"2021-11-25","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2024-04-08","compute":39868.62051541182,"power":79,"facilityPower":95,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational, based on it being 6 months after roof was complete, infrastructure looked complete for 5 months."},{"date":"2024-07-29","compute":39868.62051541182,"power":79,"facilityPower":95,"waterMGD":0.088,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 has 3 cooling towers installed."},{"date":"2024-11-19","compute":88428.49924204143,"power":158,"facilityPower":189,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational, based on it being 8 months since the roof was complete, and surrounding infrastructure looks just completed (finishing the cooling towers)."},{"date":"2025-03-16","compute":88428.49924204143,"power":158,"facilityPower":189,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Confirmation that there's no obvious construction happening for Building 2. Building 3 roof started."},{"date":"2025-04-21","compute":88428.49924204143,"power":158,"facilityPower":189,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Confident that Building 2 is operational"},{"date":"2025-10-21","compute":88428.49924204143,"power":158,"facilityPower":189,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 has all backup generators in place but they are still being installed. Two cooling towers have fans on them, with more underway. To the south of Building 3, more land has been cleared and there's a new carpark. This suggests another building will soon start construction."},{"date":"2026-05-15","compute":88428.49924204143,"power":158,"facilityPower":189,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 appears almost complete, with only minimal construction work and equipment remaining. The cooling towers are spaced apart in an unusual way, but there's no obvious sign that more will be installed before operation. Buildings 4 and 5 haven't started construction yet, the cleared land is still empty."},{"date":"2026-06-30","compute":198585.14401212733,"power":237,"facilityPower":284,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational (estimate). Based on there being minimal construction work as of May 15."},{"date":"2028-01-23","compute":502779.18140474986,"power":316,"facilityPower":379,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 is operational. Expect a 4th building because there's enough land cleared for it. Assuming the foundation starts at the end of May 2026 and it takes a similar time to Building 3 from foundation to operational (1 year 8 months)."},{"date":"2028-07-23","compute":904497.2208185953,"power":395,"facilityPower":474,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Building 5 is operational. We expect a 5th building because there's enough land cleared for one. We assume a roughly 6-month delay after Building 4."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-04-08","type":"TPU v5e","count":179798,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-04-08","type":"TPU v5p","count":9028,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-11-19","type":"TPU v5e","count":263957,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-11-19","type":"TPU v5p","count":47061,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-11-19","type":"TPU v6e","count":15411,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-06-30","type":"TPU v6e","count":28846,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-06-30","type":"TPU v7","count":41901,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-lincoln","name":"Google Lincoln","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Lincoln","state":"Nebraska","address":"5475 Cloud Ct, Lincoln, NE 68514","coordinates":[-96.65363934999999,40.90704965],"operating":true,"compute":197574.53259221828,"power":141,"cost":5.341361999999999,"chipTypes":["TPU v6e","TPU v7"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Army corps land use application with a useful construction plan diagram, split across 7 phases","url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Application_no-_NWO-2019-00110-WEH_-_USACE-p16021coll15-1525.pdf"},{"title":"DCD article on the start of site construction","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/work-on-data-center-in-lincoln-nebraska-finally-starting/"},{"title":"Rezoning approval, stating 75 ft building height","url":"https://lnklan.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=lnklan_bfe1e3023d49404348f26355e113cb22.pdf&view=1"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10qC79HsjxVN7JeTCz5VzdXaNPzDqknRXNd1D3Jkijnk/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-lincoln","footprintM2":59273,"shapes":[{"points":[[-96.6534462,40.9058175],[-96.6534462,40.9047595],[-96.6502369,40.9047595],[-96.6502369,40.9058175],[-96.6534462,40.9058175]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-96.6570418,40.9057899],[-96.6570418,40.9048693],[-96.6538555,40.9048693],[-96.6538555,40.9057899],[-96.6570418,40.9057899]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-96.6570418,40.9047595,-96.6502369,40.9058175],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for the site"},{"date":"2025-10-23","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 looks mostly complete: the large items like generators and substation are done. It is just missing 2 more cooling towers (4 fans). They just seem to be paving and setting up the secondary equipment so it is probably a few months away from operation. Building 2 foundation has been laid."},{"date":"2026-05-12","compute":197574.53259221828,"power":141,"facilityPower":170,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. This is based on the fact that is no more visible equipment or construction around the building, and based on previous imagery and when construction started on the last pieces of equipment (fans). Building 2's roof is complete, with generator construction more than halfway complete and cooling construction beginning. Electrical equipment on the side of Building 2 is also around halfway complete."},{"date":"2027-10-01","compute":672056.5942395149,"power":283,"facilityPower":339,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 operational. Estimated based on the construction timeline for Building 1, specifically the time to operational since the roof was complete and the time to operational since the foundation work began."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-05-12","type":"TPU v6e","count":24067,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-05-12","type":"TPU v7","count":75060,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"qts-richmond-2","name":"QTS Richmond 2","owner":"","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Sandston","state":"Virginia","address":"6030–6070 Technology Blvd, Sandston, VA 23150","coordinates":[-77.24281409666165,37.48504483945507],"operating":true,"compute":182920.66700353715,"power":180,"cost":6.818759999999999,"chipTypes":[],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Richmond 2 factsheet","url":"https://qtsdatacenters.com/data-centers/richmond-1/"},{"title":"Environmental permit detailing power generation","url":"https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/25650/638627871515730000"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ABNg-_JXDzzO4bPbXLD7tIZCQNDD-UOkY_0Sktf7bDo/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/qts-richmond-2","footprintM2":0,"shapes":[],"extent":null,"timeline":[{"date":"2022-04-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2024-01-29","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 look complete but we don't think they are operational, as the substation is still under construction."},{"date":"2024-06-23","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Still not many cars parked at Building 1 and 2, and the east substation looks very close to completion, based on a [Google Earth image](https://earth.google.com/web/@37.48655608,-77.24244153,55.96289131a,2859.52501034d,30.00094375y,0h,0.5917603t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDI0LTA2LTIzGAFCAggBMikKJwolCiExWVNYSWZQZkcydXVMYm1nUDkyc2NObE1QenF1VGRVV2cgAToDCgEwQgIIAEoICMOJgf0CEAE)."},{"date":"2025-02-04","compute":52046.48812531582,"power":72,"facilityPower":101,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 are operational, based on the east substation looking complete and the carparks being more full. Building 3 has cooling and generators mostly installed. Building 4 roof is partly completed."},{"date":"2025-11-19","compute":52046.48812531582,"power":72,"facilityPower":101,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"The west substation looks complete, based on a [Google Earth image](https://earth.google.com/web/@37.48673632,-77.24119214,61.15398527a,3616.77426559d,30.00094375y,0.00000001h,0.59183057t,0r/data=CgwqBggBEgAYAUICCAEyKQonCiUKITFZU1hJZlBmRzJ1dUxibWdQOTJzY05sTVB6cXVUZFVXZyABOgMKATBCAggASggIw4mB_QIQAQ). This image also shows one corner of Building 5 that still has construction work, so it's probably not operational."},{"date":"2025-12-31","compute":138959.0702374937,"power":144,"facilityPower":202,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 3 and 4 are operational, based on the substation being completed earlier, the buildings looking complete, and carparks being moderately full. Building 5 still has construction work."},{"date":"2026-02-13","compute":138959.0702374937,"power":144,"facilityPower":202,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 5 still has construction work at the perimeter, but given how close it looks to completion, we estimate it's only about 3 months away from operational."},{"date":"2026-05-14","compute":182920.66700353715,"power":180,"facilityPower":252,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Building 5 is estimated to be operational, based on the previous entry."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-the-dalles","name":"Google The Dalles","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"The Dalles","state":"Oregon","address":"3500 River Rd, The Dalles, 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signs of construction."},{"date":"2025-03-07","compute":67710.96513390601,"power":77,"facilityPower":93,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is estimated to be operational, based on all external equipment being installed."},{"date":"2026-04-29","compute":175341.0813542193,"power":154,"facilityPower":185,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is estimated to be operational, based on all external equipment being installed, and ordinary cars parked by the building."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-03-07","type":"TPU v6e","count":49000,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-03-07","type":"TPU v5p","count":24736,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-03-07","type":"TPU v5e","count":54734,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-04-29","type":"TPU v5p","count":24736,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-04-29","type":"TPU 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Building 2 shell is under construction."},{"date":"2025-11-19","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"The substation is still under construction, based on a [Google Earth image](https://earth.google.com/web/@37.48033002,-77.25002949,65.53442036a,2152.9927926d,30.00094375y,-0.00000001h,0.59169466t,0r/data=CgwqBggBEgAYAUICCAEyKQonCiUKITFZU1hJZlBmRzJ1dUxibWdQOTJzY05sTVB6cXVUZFVXZyABOgMKATBCAggASggIw4mB_QIQAQ), so we don't think any buildings are operational yet."},{"date":"2025-12-31","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"The substation looks complete, but we expect Building 1 still needs commissioning before it is fully operational."},{"date":"2026-02-13","compute":58110.15664477008,"power":48,"facilityPower":67,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, based on the substation being completed earlier and cars in the carpark. Building 2 and 3 are not operational, based on minor construction work at the perimeter and no cars in the carpark, but we expect they will be operational within 3 months. Building 4 has complete chillers and backup generators, while Building 5 has chillers but only a few backup generators - roughly the state of Building 1 on 2025-02-04."},{"date":"2026-05-14","compute":174835.77564426477,"power":144,"facilityPower":202,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 2 and 3 are operational, based on the previous entry."},{"date":"2027-02-13","compute":291056.08893380495,"power":240,"facilityPower":336,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Building 4 and 5 are operational, based on Building 5 being roughly 1 year behind Building 1 in satellite imagery."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-montgomery","name":"Meta Montgomery","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Montgomery","state":"Alabama","address":"Co Rd 42, Montgomery, AL 36105, USA","coordinates":[-86.32571403699507,32.2700261878772],"operating":true,"compute":174517.43304699342,"power":153,"cost":5.795946,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"In September 2025, Meta announced a major expansion that will grow the campus to roughly 1.3 million square feet.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","structural similarity to known buildings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Meta Introduction to the Montgomery Project","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/05/hello-montgomery/"},{"title":"Meta expansion announcement","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2025/09/montgomery-were-growing/"},{"title":"Contractor announcement","url":"https://www.henselphelps.com/meta-awards-hensel-phelps-montgomery-data-center/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1gyeamGR5Oifeomj1gHXQqVYTRfGs9PGBq-YD0IGpKK4/edit?gid=2010365208#gid=2010365208","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-montgomery","footprintM2":146889,"shapes":[{"points":[[-86.32913107948518,32.27384032931829],[-86.32913897722308,32.27369342238282],[-86.32949437542979,32.27368674478919],[-86.32949437542979,32.273059048795446],[-86.32910738627145,32.273052371155146],[-86.32910738627145,32.27299895001454],[-86.32640635990163,32.27300562765875],[-86.32640635990163,32.27384032931829],[-86.32913107948518,32.27384032931829]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-86.32965207706017,32.2712674393313],[-86.32964401684708,32.27120269538787],[-86.33002284686327,32.271199287810646],[-86.3300147866502,32.27045984051993],[-86.32963192652744,32.27047006333461],[-86.32962789642089,32.27040191121506],[-86.3263756004318,32.27041554164303],[-86.32638769075146,32.2712674393313],[-86.32965207706017,32.2712674393313]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.32963761676115,32.268695015407815],[-86.32963761676115,32.26863503511126],[-86.32999702631963,32.26862303904721],[-86.33001121353904,32.26790327229986],[-86.32964234583426,32.267895274859484],[-86.32963761676115,32.26784329147999],[-86.32635091092848,32.26784729020255],[-86.32635091092848,32.268746998299406],[-86.32963761676115,32.268695015407815]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.32907203498931,32.26610896765145],[-86.3290674702344,32.26594299372499],[-86.32945090964616,32.265935274000086],[-86.32945090964616,32.26532155376826],[-86.32908116449909,32.26533313343366],[-86.3290765997442,32.26526751531017],[-86.32633318204391,32.265263655419034],[-86.32634231155369,32.26610896765145],[-86.32907203498931,32.26610896765145]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.32434931584379,32.27570959934887],[-86.32434931584379,32.27521500273858],[-86.32143399672337,32.27521500273858],[-86.32140522712686,32.275685274988476],[-86.32434931584379,32.27570959934887]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-86.32436849557587,32.27487851333936],[-86.32434931584483,32.274428507493425],[-86.32142440685854,32.274428507493425],[-86.3214292017913,32.27488662153233],[-86.32436849557587,32.27487851333936]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-86.33002284686327,32.265263655419034,-86.32140522712686,32.27570959934887],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-03-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2025-07-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 under construction, with all chillers visible."},{"date":"2026-03-20","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 are nearly complete, but there's still some equipment strewn around the site and few cars in the front carpark, so we expect 3 more months needed for commissioning and server installation. Building 3 has a half-finished roof and Building 4 shell is beginning construction. Buildings 5 and 6 are under construction."},{"date":"2026-06-18","compute":174517.43304699342,"power":153,"facilityPower":199,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"We estimate Buildings 1 and 2 are operational. "},{"date":"2027-02-02","compute":232968.6710459828,"power":204,"facilityPower":266,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 5 and 6 are operational (estimate). Based on the tent buildings at Meta Prometheus taking about 12 months from starting the tent structure to estimated operation."},{"date":"2027-02-23","compute":407486.10409297625,"power":358,"facilityPower":465,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Buildings 3 and 4 are operational (estimate). In September 2025, Building 1 and 2 appeared to be in a similar state to Building 3 and 4 in May 2026. Based on that, we apply an 8-month delay to the Building 1 and 2 operational date to get the Building 3 and 4 operational date."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-06-18","type":"B300","count":69074,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-kuna","name":"Meta Kuna","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Kuna","state":"Idaho","address":"601 Kuna Mora Rd,  Kuna ID 83634","coordinates":[-116.27014857946995,43.46745649582408],"operating":true,"compute":173247.67205659422,"power":152,"cost":5.758064,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","structural similarity to known buildings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Official Pamphlet from Meta","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Meta_s-Kuna-Data-Center.pdf"},{"title":"Application for Power Purchase Agreement, Pleasant Valley Solar 1 ","url":"https://puc.idaho.gov/Fileroom/PublicFiles/ELEC/IPC/IPCE2229/CaseFiles/20221114Application.pdf"},{"title":"Application for Power Purchase Agreement, Pleasant Valley Solar 2","url":"https://lf-puc.idaho.gov/WebLink/DocView.aspx?dbid=0&id=73294"},{"title":"Approval to move start date of Solar 2 to May 31, 2026","url":"https://puc.idaho.gov/Fileroom/PublicFiles/ELEC/IPC/IPCE2420/OrdNotc/20240913Final_Order_No_36322.pdf"},{"title":"staff comments","url":"https://lf-puc.idaho.gov/WebLink/DocView.aspx?dbid=0&id=135751"},{"title":"Notice of Application for 3rd PPA (Blacks Creek Energy Center)","url":"https://puc.idaho.gov/Fileroom/PublicFiles/ELEC/IPC/IPCE2442/OrdNotc/20241210Notice_of_Application_Order_No_36419.pdf"},{"title":"Idaho Statesman: Peak construction reached in March 2025","url":"https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/business/article304464416.html"},{"title":"Idaho Statesman: Expected water usage reported in 2022","url":"https://www.idahostatesman.com/opinion/from-the-opinion-editor/article259250030.html"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1I4oCviRN5Es3njqhSlm3WD7Hxfitb29eVJEGOaTbiTc/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-kuna","footprintM2":24494,"shapes":[{"points":[[-116.27277029743578,43.470635356498576],[-116.2722181391992,43.4706413482557],[-116.27223853284794,43.47311375207329],[-116.27279201675867,43.47311112513103],[-116.27277029743578,43.470635356498576]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-116.27163389681735,43.47064308265428],[-116.27108891662915,43.470643966455015],[-116.27111205511329,43.473119126695735],[-116.27166306335025,43.47311522768217],[-116.27163389681735,43.47064308265428]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-116.27279201675867,43.470635356498576,-116.27108891662915,43.473119126695735],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-10-03","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2026-03-15","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 look complete from outside, with all electrical and cooling equipment installed. Construction has started on 2 smaller buildings to the north. Meta announced the arrival of the first server rack the following week."},{"date":"2026-06-01","compute":173247.67205659422,"power":152,"facilityPower":198,"waterMGD":0.07,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 are operational. The 2nd phase of an offsetting solar array goes online on May 31, 2026.  Idaho Public Utilities Comission's approval for this start date notes that \"[Meta]’s load is expected to increase so much that it will suffer a capacity deficit in June 2026 if served only by Pleasant Valley Solar 1.1,” A redacted table in the staff comments document suggests the data center's load will continue to increase through August, when it presumably reaches the maximum capacity of both buildings."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-06-01","type":"B300","count":68571,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-cheyenne","name":"Meta Cheyenne","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Cheyenne","state":"Wyoming","address":"Cheyenne, WY 82007, 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is being cleared."},{"date":"2025-01-30","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Structure for Building 1 and 2 under construction."},{"date":"2026-03-22","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 shell and cooling looks complete, Building 2 roof almost complete."},{"date":"2026-07-25","compute":172814.5528044467,"power":152,"facilityPower":182,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Both buildings estimated to be operational."},{"date":"2027-02-15","compute":235977.766548762,"power":207,"facilityPower":249,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 3 and 4 are similar in style and size to the ones seen at the Prometheus site, we estimate their operability based on that timeline."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-07-25","type":"B300","count":68367,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"amazon-ridgeland","name":"Amazon Ridgeland","owner":"Amazon","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Anthropic","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Ridgeland","state":"Mississippi","address":"1626 County Line Road Ridgeland, Mississippi","coordinates":[-90.18978946705252,32.41046438859674],"operating":true,"compute":171298.6356745831,"power":228,"cost":8.637096,"chipTypes":["Trainium2"],"description":"This site is likely part of the Anthropic–Amazon Project Rainier collaboration.","estimationMethods":["regulatory filings","chip efficiency","third-party reporting"],"sources":[{"title":"Air Construction Permit","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dQ5Pxl7rQAHLvHoTYrpOX32WAolo46d7/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Permit review document","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1myQ6BYqqzcfsWwv41tufHobvA8T3qo_d/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Backup diesel generator referenced in the permit","url":"https://www.cat.com/en_US/products/new/power-systems/electric-power/diesel-generator-sets/117341.html"},{"title":"New York Times article on Project Rainier","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/24/technology/amazon-ai-data-centers.html"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1WWWmkFubzXYb2RY9PZsF4BtrpmbmdcSJtVTw1kcJxVs/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/amazon-ridgeland","footprintM2":111061,"shapes":[{"points":[[-90.18821757750479,32.413313429331595],[-90.18823947976529,32.4132579594267],[-90.18821210193937,32.412032990324775],[-90.18806973724584,32.41202836776846],[-90.18806973724584,32.41193591659068],[-90.18821757750479,32.41191280378128],[-90.18821757750479,32.41050753385703],[-90.18744004725335,32.41052140175957],[-90.18745060515725,32.411785395875484],[-90.18748732315589,32.411788779810806],[-90.18749480290482,32.41200987754023],[-90.18744004725335,32.41205610310338],[-90.18744552281876,32.4133180518227],[-90.18821757750479,32.413313429331595]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.19264889564538,32.413308193551245],[-90.19265314921512,32.412044241634085],[-90.19259947183748,32.41204369530952],[-90.19259165646046,32.41179454312372],[-90.1926321168718,32.41179399781432],[-90.19265395873028,32.41050803146361],[-90.19186736124617,32.41051656704391],[-90.19187241649264,32.411781283063604],[-90.19203421573243,32.41179103976263],[-90.19203421573243,32.41195202513639],[-90.19187819503681,32.41195202513639],[-90.19188975212553,32.41330331528421],[-90.19264889564538,32.413308193551245]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.19088049674275,32.41330404584218],[-90.19094011673458,32.41331243440911],[-90.19095005339966,32.41202058589462],[-90.1907860984225,32.41202478023783],[-90.19077616175743,32.41189894985483],[-90.19092521173695,32.41189475550581],[-90.19093514840205,32.410506415231325],[-90.19016505684236,32.41050222081756],[-90.19017499350744,32.411773119295844],[-90.19021474016911,32.411777313650546],[-90.19021970850164,32.41202058589462],[-90.19018493017319,32.41205833497753],[-90.19017002517492,32.41331662869278],[-90.19088049674275,32.41330404584218]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.1898687791452,32.41332094638139],[-90.18988900013186,32.412015034197964],[-90.18989405537836,32.41181871896778],[-90.189934497351,32.41182298669462],[-90.18994966309117,32.41047864272829],[-90.1891408236348,32.41046157156477],[-90.1891408236348,32.41178457714513],[-90.18930259152606,32.411788844873584],[-90.18930259152606,32.41189980574511],[-90.18913576838831,32.411904073468136],[-90.18914587888129,32.4133038757556],[-90.1898687791452,32.41332094638139]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-90.1925638,32.4095082],[-90.1925715,32.4088648],[-90.1910836,32.408872],[-90.1910835,32.409001],[-90.1908963,32.4089974],[-90.1908965,32.4088684],[-90.1892811,32.4088576],[-90.1892957,32.4095227],[-90.1907591,32.4095082],[-90.1907592,32.4094686],[-90.1910919,32.4094614],[-90.1910962,32.4095046],[-90.1925638,32.4095082]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-90.19265395873028,32.4088576,-90.18744004725335,32.41332094638139],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-02-24","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins"},{"date":"2025-10-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Roof complete on Buildings 3"},{"date":"2026-05-15","compute":171298.6356745831,"power":228,"facilityPower":273,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 1-4 are operational, based on the buildings shells and backup generators and most of the landscaping looking complete. Building 5 roof is complete but still lacks cooling equipment."},{"date":"2027-02-09","compute":214249.62102071755,"power":284,"facilityPower":341,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Building 5 is operational (estimate)."},{"date":"2028-09-29","compute":788276.907529055,"power":840,"facilityPower":1008,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":14,"notes":"Buildings 6-14 are operational (estimate). Buildings 1-4 took an estimated 2.25 years on this site. We assume Buildings 6-14 get underway by July 2026, and take the same time as Buildings 1-4. This is later than the [expected completion by 2027](https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-confirmed-as-company-behind-10bn-mississippi-data-center-development/)."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-05-15","type":"Trainium2","count":261244,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Amazon","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-huntsville","name":"Meta Huntsville","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Huntsville","state":"Alabama","address":"5400 Prosperity Dr NW, Toney, AL","coordinates":[-86.62619799999999,34.853866499999995],"operating":true,"compute":166760.9903991915,"power":146,"cost":5.530772,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"The entire Meta facility is supported by two local solar installations: Lawrence County Solar Project and Elora Solar project, totaling 377MW.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip efficiency","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"Announcement of expansion completing in 2026 ","url":"https://plateauexcavation.com/projects/huntsville-meta-data-center-meta-project-ferris/"},{"title":"TVA solar installation announcements","url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tva-announces-largest-valley-solar-installations--built-for-facebook-300743255.html"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Rk-yikcpmRBm2V9iwBTdad2IILaZEODw1Xzk66GYEJk/edit?gid=2010365208#gid=2010365208","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-huntsville","footprintM2":61013,"shapes":[{"points":[[-86.62059,34.85809],[-86.623399,34.858076],[-86.623396,34.858032],[-86.623746,34.858032],[-86.623743,34.857234],[-86.62338,34.857237],[-86.623383,34.857192],[-86.620574,34.857212],[-86.62059,34.85809]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-86.627942,34.851751],[-86.628096,34.850976],[-86.62764,34.850911],[-86.627658,34.85082],[-86.62716,34.850753],[-86.627149,34.850803],[-86.62445,34.850436],[-86.624268,34.851289],[-86.626975,34.851665],[-86.626964,34.851718],[-86.62747,34.851783],[-86.62749,34.851688],[-86.627942,34.851751]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-86.628096,34.850436,-86.620574,34.85809],"timeline":[{"date":"2021-12-13","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 land clearing begins."},{"date":"2025-03-03","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 2 roof starts to go on and its cooling installation is in progress."},{"date":"2025-11-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"We believe Building 1 and 2 are still being finished due to continued construction vehicles and unfinished land around the data center sites. "},{"date":"2026-02-02","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Color artifacts appear on small number of Building 1 fans. Continued presence of construction equipment and unfinished land around Building 2 suggests the final phase of construction. "},{"date":"2026-03-04","compute":88433.55229914098,"power":78,"facilityPower":105,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"We estimate that Building 1 is operational 30 days after the appearance of color artifacts on the fans."},{"date":"2026-06-02","compute":166760.9903991915,"power":146,"facilityPower":198,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"We estimate Building 2 becomes operational due to being 120 days after final phases of construction, 9 months since roof and cooling were done, and similar Meta data centers construction timelines."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-02-02","type":"B300","count":35002,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-06-02","type":"B300","count":66004,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-helios","name":"Coreweave Helios","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Afton","state":"Texas","address":"984 County Road 112, Afton, TX 79220","coordinates":[-100.8698546375008,33.77506289668727],"operating":true,"compute":159551.768236855,"power":132,"cost":5.000424000000001,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"Helios is retrofitted from a former crypto-mining site owned by Galaxy, which has an additional 2.7 GW of capacity under study, though not expected before 2029.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","regulatory filings"],"sources":[{"title":"Galaxy Q3 financial results with power capacity timeline","url":"https://investor.galaxy.com/news/news-details/2025/Galaxy-Announces-Third-Quarter-2025-Financial-Results/default.aspx"},{"title":"Permit review with details on backup generators and power capacity","url":"https://records.tceq.texas.gov/cs/idcplg?IdcService=TCEQ_EXTERNAL_SEARCH_GET_FILE&dID=8711478&Rendition=Web#:~:text=Galaxy%20Helios%20I%20LLC%20owns,are%20the%20basis%20of%20the"},{"title":"3D renderings of Helios Building 1 on Galaxy's website, showing generators and chillers","url":"https://www.galaxy.com/data-centers"},{"title":"TDLR record with Building 1 construction costs and end date","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2025012175"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1qcYPDCBHZOg0EKGpK7Ru4-cGd8Y8BkXAxf2W3umOwmo/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-helios","footprintM2":12877,"shapes":[{"points":[[-100.86735454642213,33.7746487500154],[-100.86744386068878,33.7746487500154],[-100.86744386068878,33.77457282194733],[-100.87081600013522,33.77458386545638],[-100.87081770352289,33.77422280793171],[-100.86735414391617,33.774215441938466],[-100.86735454642213,33.7746487500154]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-100.87081770352289,33.774215441938466,-100.86735414391617,33.7746487500154],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-05-31","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"The former [crypto mining](https://investor.galaxy.com/news/news-details/2025/Galaxy-Announces-Commitment-with-CoreWeave-to-Host-Additional-Artificial-Intelligence-and-High-Performance-Computing-Infrastructure-at-Helios-Data-Center-Campus/default.aspx) Helios site begins expanding, with land cleared for additional buildings."},{"date":"2025-08-27","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Backup generator pads and steel framing for chillers are visible, similar to the [3D renderings](https://www.galaxy.com/data-centers)."},{"date":"2026-04-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 appears substantially complete. The main white-roofed data hall is visible with exterior mechanical/electrical equipment rows installed on both sides, and adjacent generator/equipment pads plus laydown yards are active. A large graded pad north of Building 1 suggests preparation for the next phase/building. No clear satellite evidence that the AI/HPC facility is operational yet."},{"date":"2026-06-17","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 appears externally complete and likely Ready for Service, with all cooling/roofing/generators in place, but we're not labeling it operational yet due to visible surrounding yard/construction work. CoreWeave likely still needs time to install chips and use all their designated chip capacity. The pad to the northeast has foundations being laid out for Building 2."},{"date":"2026-08-30","compute":159551.768236855,"power":132,"facilityPower":200,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational at full capacity. This is based on \"Phase I\", which is [expected](https://investor.galaxy.com/news/news-details/2025/Galaxy-Announces-Third-Quarter-2025-Financial-Results/default.aspx) to be operational by the end of the first half of 2026. We added two months of overhead to account for remaining construction and/or installation of CoreWeave's chips, since the June 17 image still showed active minor construction around the building."},{"date":"2028-01-01","compute":478655.30471056444,"power":396,"facilityPower":600,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 2 and 3 are operational at full capacity. This corresponds to \"Phase II\", which is [expected](https://investor.galaxy.com/news/news-details/2025/Galaxy-Announces-Third-Quarter-2025-Financial-Results/default.aspx) to be delivered \"throughout 2027\". We assume it takes until the end of 2027 to reach full capacity."},{"date":"2029-01-01","compute":638207.072947418,"power":528,"facilityPower":800,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 operational at full capacity. This corresponds to \"Phase III\", which is [expected](https://investor.galaxy.com/news/news-details/2025/Galaxy-Announces-Third-Quarter-2025-Financial-Results/default.aspx) to be delivered \"starting in 2028\". We assume it takes until the end of 2028 to reach full capacity."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-08-30","type":"B200","count":63151,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"microsoft-project-osmium","name":"Microsoft Project Osmium","owner":"Microsoft","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Cumming","state":"Iowa","address":"5855 SW Kerry St, Cumming, IA 50061","coordinates":[-93.78938710584089,41.49703748530462],"operating":true,"compute":155634.15866599293,"power":190,"cost":7.19758,"chipTypes":["A100","H100","B200"],"description":"One building reportedly contained roughly 25,000 A100s used by OpenAI to train GPT-3.5.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"SemiAnalysis article with IT power estimations and detailing usage by OpenAI for training GPT 3.5","url":"https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/microsofts-ai-strategy-deconstructed"},{"title":"DCD Article on site expansion","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-granted-permit-for-new-data-center-in-des-moines-iowa/"},{"title":"MISO Announcement reporting power for newest buildings, likely an overestimate","url":"https://cdn.misoenergy.org/NEW%20LOAD%20ANNOUNCEMENTS%20IN%20MISO%20REGIONS%2012062024684954.pdf"},{"title":"Microsoft article on data centers in Iowa used by OpenAI","url":"https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/west-des-moines-iowa-ai-supercomputer/?msockid=23bbdd21a02166402e27c929a1a567ce"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1GxpxdT_2dcvnvdmi2dybQfiwb0-XhzWf65i3QVI0FEA/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-project-osmium","footprintM2":89966,"shapes":[{"points":[[-93.7893312,41.49605513937996],[-93.7893312,41.4955355],[-93.7846198,41.4955355],[-93.7846198,41.49605513937996],[-93.7893312,41.49605513937996]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-93.78924858541559,41.49813548997574],[-93.78924858541559,41.49761699250891],[-93.78462323369465,41.49761699250891],[-93.78462323369465,41.49813548997574],[-93.78924858541559,41.49813548997574]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-93.7893291457383,41.495009158066125],[-93.7893291457383,41.494489518686166],[-93.78461774573829,41.494489518686166],[-93.78461774573829,41.495009158066125],[-93.7893291457383,41.495009158066125]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-93.7892567130167,41.49710093901015],[-93.7892567130167,41.496582441543325],[-93.78463136129575,41.496582441543325],[-93.78463136129575,41.49710093901015],[-93.7892567130167,41.49710093901015]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-93.7893312,41.494489518686166,-93.78461774573829,41.49813548997574],"timeline":[{"date":"2018-12-18","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins on the north part of the site"},{"date":"2021-01-01","compute":7882.769075290551,"power":48,"facilityPower":57,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 and 1st building on the site are operational. Foundation work begins on Building 2"},{"date":"2023-06-30","compute":40576.048509348155,"power":95,"facilityPower":114,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational. Estimated based on Microsoft H100 count 2023"},{"date":"2025-03-01","compute":155634.15866599293,"power":190,"facilityPower":228,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 3-4 operational, no visible construction."},{"date":"2025-10-08","compute":155634.15866599293,"power":190,"facilityPower":228,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Site already complete. "},{"date":"2026-06-16","compute":155634.15866599293,"power":190,"facilityPower":228,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"No notable changes since October."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2021-01-01","type":"A100","count":25000,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2023-06-30","type":"H100","count":32680,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-03-01","type":"B200","count":45455,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Microsoft","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-eagle-mountain","name":"Meta Eagle Mountain","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Eagle Mountain","state":"Utah","address":"1275 N Community Cir, Eagle Mountain, UT 84005","coordinates":[-112.0192505,40.265290500000006],"operating":true,"compute":151354.21930267813,"power":133,"cost":5.038306,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"Expansion announcement by Meta ","url":"https://www.facebook.com/EagleMountainDataCenter/posts/517902967007646"},{"title":"Report on Williams Company gas-fired plant under construction adjacent to data cente","url":"https://ukozvhzgrcnkcatjqfoo.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/03-00-air-construction/2026.02.05_Eagle%20Mountain%20Power%20Plant_Application_32a5238b.pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mVv_XB56SrZcy2jAwoG6lzgeXQHp0G3adhIaChbNh4E/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-eagle-mountain","footprintM2":62509,"shapes":[{"points":[[-112.020072,40.271178],[-112.020052,40.268857],[-112.019998,40.268857],[-112.019998,40.268567],[-112.018944,40.268575],[-112.018944,40.268857],[-112.018884,40.268858],[-112.018905,40.271182],[-112.020072,40.271178]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-112.019985,40.267435],[-112.019979,40.267055],[-112.020109,40.267057],[-112.020104,40.266629],[-112.020032,40.266627],[-112.02002,40.264367],[-112.018854,40.264371],[-112.018866,40.266628],[-112.018799,40.266627],[-112.018802,40.267064],[-112.018929,40.267064],[-112.018934,40.267444],[-112.019985,40.267435]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-112.020109,40.264367,-112.018799,40.271182],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2025-09-08","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"We believe Buildings 1 and 2 are still undergoing testing due to construction equipment and unfinished land surrounding the data center sites, as well as color motion artifacts on a small number of the cooling fans."},{"date":"2025-12-07","compute":151354.21930267813,"power":133,"facilityPower":179,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 both estimated to be operational 90 days after testing was underway in September."},{"date":"2026-05-02","compute":151354.21930267813,"power":133,"facilityPower":179,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Satellite image shows strong evidence that Buildings 1 and 2 are operational: colored motion artifacts on many cooling fans, plus cars parked at the building entrances."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-12-07","type":"B300","count":59906,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-midlothian","name":"Google Midlothian","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Midlothian","state":"Texas","address":"3250 Railport Parkway, Midlothian, TX 76065","coordinates":[-97.0613725,32.442484],"operating":true,"compute":143580.85118746842,"power":103,"cost":3.901846,"chipTypes":["TPU v7","TPU v6e"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency","regulatory filings"],"sources":[{"title":"Site Map and Permit","url":"https://ecode360.com/MI6405/laws/LF1665983.pdf"},{"title":"City Council Presentation","url":"https://archive-stream.granicus.com/OnDemand/_definst_/mp4:swagitVideo/midlothiantx/eefcd9e0-4c12-41ba-986a-165a20124c72.mp4/playlist.m3u8"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/13T5HLjkSCBKhOwSaOnxUcGqeSdfSF67ZSMVltEGywFM/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-midlothian","footprintM2":53467,"shapes":[{"points":[[-97.061123,32.441466],[-97.061599,32.441268],[-97.061634,32.441324],[-97.062113,32.44113],[-97.060934,32.439182],[-97.061027,32.439144],[-97.060853,32.438865],[-97.059843,32.439302],[-97.061123,32.441466]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-97.057198,32.443953],[-97.056262,32.444351],[-97.057522,32.446488],[-97.058458,32.4461],[-97.057198,32.443953]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-97.062113,32.438865,-97.056262,32.446488],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-11-28","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Visible land clearing around the area for Building 1"},{"date":"2024-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 roof is complete."},{"date":"2026-04-19","compute":95743.48069732188,"power":69,"facilityPower":82,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is probably mostly operational despite some cooling towers yet to be installed. In the original building permit Google only expected to build 6 new cooling towers, but they've extended the row further. This might be to support new chips with denser power configurations. Across the road, you can see the beginnings of land development for what is likely an expansion of the site, but we don't have any details on it yet."},{"date":"2026-07-01","compute":143580.85118746842,"power":103,"facilityPower":123,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Estimated full completion of the expanded row of cooling towers and backup generators for Building 1."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-04-19","type":"TPU v7","count":30798,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-04-19","type":"TPU v6e","count":25802,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-07-01","type":"TPU v7","count":48994,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-07-01","type":"TPU v6e","count":31636,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-storey-county","name":"Google Storey County","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Clark","state":"Nevada","address":"","coordinates":[-119.431309,39.494683499999994],"operating":true,"compute":133906.01313794847,"power":161,"cost":6.0990020000000005,"chipTypes":["TPU v5e","TPU v4","TPU v6e","TPU v5p"],"description":"Storey County is one of Google’s rare dry-cooled campuses, likely an adaptation to water-scarce Nevada.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Air quality permit application listing emergency generators and a small \"R&D\" fuel cell plant","url":"https://ndep-onbase.nv.gov/api/Document/AeFo%C3%89pjclbkomJ7CWpPryLOjA6FQT9HFrkSuMWbMXTpKCzSR%C3%81W1f8zzFhGhik1iZCcNSpuTRRqNXD1inrrpBxtA%3D/"},{"title":"Aterio","url":"https://www.aterio.io/"},{"title":"Google data center page","url":"https://datacenters.google/locations/storey-county-nevada/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1LrjkAu7XNz9VjMLjKm9rZyhaFAwDQfJUpeC1XKE2JR8/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-storey-county","footprintM2":55141,"shapes":[{"points":[[-119.434591,39.496518],[-119.433881,39.495597],[-119.43272,39.496158],[-119.433426,39.497077],[-119.434591,39.496518]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-119.43195,39.492344],[-119.431358,39.49157],[-119.428676,39.492879],[-119.42927,39.493642],[-119.43195,39.492344]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-119.431551,39.49797],[-119.430841,39.497049],[-119.42968,39.49761],[-119.430386,39.498529],[-119.431551,39.49797]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-119.434591,39.49157,-119.428676,39.498529],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-08-30","compute":35219.807983830215,"power":81,"facilityPower":107,"waterMGD":0.0005,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1, which was first operational in 2021, has increased power capacity by about 75%. This is based on the expansion of the dry cooling array from 4 to 7 columns (seen on [Google Earth](https://earth.google.com/web/@39.4948785,-119.43174359,1568.8659293a,562.69639351d,35y,-0h,0t,0r/)). Its backup generators also grew from 18 to 33, an 83% increase. Around this time (2023 Q3) the quarterly PUE of the campus is 1.24, down from the initial 1.29 in 2022 Q3. Since no other buildings have been added, these changes indicate an increase in power density, which may entail a new generation of hardware getting installed."},{"date":"2025-03-11","compute":35219.807983830215,"power":81,"facilityPower":107,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 now has generators in place, but there is still a crane and construction work present."},{"date":"2025-06-30","compute":133906.01313794847,"power":161,"facilityPower":214,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational. Based on a [Google Earth image](https://earth.google.com/web/@39.49733738,-119.43113543,1552.05877612a,1467.7067385d,35y,0h,0t,0r/) showing complete building shell, mechanical equipment and generators, plus cars parked at the front."},{"date":"2025-09-28","compute":133906.01313794847,"power":161,"facilityPower":214,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 foundation is underway. Building 2 exterior looks totally clean/landscaped."},{"date":"2026-04-13","compute":133906.01313794847,"power":161,"facilityPower":214,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 has a partially complete shell, electrical and mechanical equipment. Building 4 foundation is underway."},{"date":"2027-06-30","compute":540677.109651339,"power":300,"facilityPower":389,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is estimated to be operational. We estimate the operational date by analogy to the time that Building 1 took to go from a foundation to being operational. The power capacity is based on the number of generators reported in an air quality permit [application](https://ndep-onbase.nv.gov/api/Document/AeFo%C3%89pjclbkomJ7CWpPryLOjA6FQT9HFrkSuMWbMXTpKCzSR%C3%81W1f8zzFhGhik1iZCcNSpuTRRqNXD1inrrpBxtA%3D/) (p.92-93). The dry cooler array is more than double the size of the Building 1 array, which suggests an even larger power capacity than we estimate, but we believe the generator-based estimate is more reliable here."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2023-08-30","type":"TPU v5e","count":153165,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2023-08-30","type":"TPU v4","count":34609,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-06-30","type":"TPU v6e","count":98179,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-06-30","type":"TPU v5p","count":16521,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-lancaster","name":"Google Lancaster","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Lancaster","state":"Ohio","address":"105 Whiley Rd, Lancaster, OH 43130","coordinates":[-82.68933655000001,39.725338495217926],"operating":true,"compute":130368.8731682668,"power":137,"cost":5.189834,"chipTypes":["TPU v5e","TPU v6e"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"DCD article discussing the announcement of this site","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-to-build-two-more-data-centers-in-columbus-ohio/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1idRHPUAUAVqBbAT4GNXj-2JtVA_kM89GwZkLifLNj3E/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-lancaster","footprintM2":58189,"shapes":[{"points":[[-82.6927495,39.7236422],[-82.689661,39.7235081],[-82.6895883,39.7245034],[-82.6926621,39.7246012],[-82.6927495,39.7236422]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-82.6892492789475,39.72374517734471],[-82.6861097,39.7235942],[-82.68604084635852,39.72460002592656],[-82.6891618789475,39.72470417734471],[-82.6892492789475,39.72374517734471]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-82.6927495,39.7235081,-82.68604084635852,39.72470417734471],"timeline":[{"date":"2021-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing in progress for the site "},{"date":"2024-01-01","compute":34663.97170288024,"power":68,"facilityPower":82,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. This is estimated based on construction progress in [October 2023](https://earth.google.com/web/@39.72490515,-82.68845499,280.4138206a,1128.806013d,35y,-0h,0t,0r/data=CnUaXRJXCiUweDg4NDc4OWI3MDRhZGE1MWQ6MHg0Y2Q1MjE2ZGM0YTQ0YTc5GSZeVEH73ENAISDkBo2qq1TAKhwxMDQgV2hpbGV5IFJkLCBMYW5jYXN0ZXIsIE9IGAIgASoQCAESCjIwMjMtMDUtMTAYAUICCAFCAggASg0I____________ARAA). This also corresponds to a [2023 article](https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2023/08/29/google-announces-plans-to-invest-1-7-billion-in-a-trio-of-central-ohio-data-centers/) where a Google spokesperson says that the \"the Lancaster data center will open later this year\"."},{"date":"2025-09-11","compute":34663.97170288024,"power":68,"facilityPower":82,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 is close to completion. Structurally it is already complete, but there is still some equipment strewn around the building that suggests commissioning is ongoing."},{"date":"2025-10-31","compute":130368.8731682668,"power":137,"facilityPower":164,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 operational. This is supported by the state of Building 2 a month prior, which is entirely complete outside of some equipment that was removed later on."},{"date":"2026-03-12","compute":130368.8731682668,"power":137,"facilityPower":164,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"At this point, Building 1 and 2 have since already been operational. Additionally, there is visible steam showing clear evidence of operational for both before this date."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-01-01","type":"TPU v5e","count":174561,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-10-31","type":"TPU v6e","count":103359,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-qts-hillsboro-2","name":"Meta-QTS Hillsboro 2","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"likely","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"United States","city":"Hillsboro","state":"Oregon","address":"4755 NE Huffman St, Hillsboro, OR 97124","coordinates":[-122.9377915,45.558800500000004],"operating":true,"compute":123839,"power":180,"cost":6.818759999999999,"chipTypes":["H100"],"description":"The facility is powered in part by the Tower Solar project, a 120 MWac solar installation located west of Boardman, Oregon.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"QTS Hillsboro 2 data center announcement","url":"https://q.com/data-centers/hillsboro-2/"},{"title":"QTS and Meta sign an agreement with PGE for a 120MWac solar installation","url":"https://q.com/news/avangrid-and-portland-general-electric-collaborate-with-qts-and-meta-to-build-120-mwac-solar-project-in-oregon/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1IDIlQvAa0AMeV0xAT0592dV1cV8Ptj1B4Kzyefna1fg/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-qts-hillsboro-2","footprintM2":63189,"shapes":[{"points":[[-122.930057,45.560013],[-122.930057,45.559926],[-122.929897,45.559926],[-122.929904,45.5579],[-122.929931,45.557886],[-122.930267,45.557885],[-122.930266,45.557659],[-122.929174,45.557665],[-122.929159,45.560007],[-122.930057,45.560013]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-122.932241,45.559934],[-122.932259,45.557716],[-122.931317,45.557714],[-122.931321,45.557931],[-122.931438,45.557933],[-122.931436,45.558713],[-122.931487,45.558714],[-122.931482,45.559105],[-122.931429,45.559106],[-122.931426,45.559848],[-122.9313,45.559848],[-122.931301,45.55993],[-122.932241,45.559934]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-122.933409,45.559936],[-122.933409,45.559852],[-122.933283,45.559851],[-122.933288,45.559112],[-122.933239,45.559111],[-122.933241,45.558711],[-122.933289,45.558712],[-122.93329,45.557936],[-122.933429,45.557935],[-122.933427,45.557718],[-122.932493,45.557715],[-122.932472,45.559932],[-122.933409,45.559936]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-122.935557,45.559941],[-122.935576,45.557721],[-122.934636,45.557724],[-122.93464,45.557938],[-122.934754,45.557941],[-122.934753,45.558723],[-122.934796,45.558724],[-122.934797,45.559117],[-122.934746,45.559117],[-122.93474,45.559852],[-122.934613,45.559851],[-122.934618,45.559935],[-122.935557,45.559941]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-122.935576,45.557659,-122.929159,45.560013],"timeline":[{"date":"2021-04-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"First signs of site land clearing appear on satellite imagery."},{"date":"2023-04-29","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows Building 3 and 4 cooling start to go on."},{"date":"2023-08-02","compute":30959.750025265286,"power":45,"facilityPower":61,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows Building 2 and 3 cooling nearing completion and Building 4 cooling install continues. We believe Building 1 is operational now due to the lack of construction equipment on or immediately around the building."},{"date":"2024-11-08","compute":123839,"power":180,"facilityPower":243,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"We believe Buildings 2, 3, and 4 are operational due to the absence of construction vehicles and completed parking lots/concrete around the facilities. There is also a vehicle presence in the parking lot similar to the level seen during normal operation at other data center campuses. Finally, it is more than 12 months after cooling has been installed or in the final stages of install for the remaining three buildings."},{"date":"2025-04-14","compute":123839,"power":180,"facilityPower":243,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"All four buildings are operational"},{"date":"2026-04-17","compute":123839,"power":180,"facilityPower":243,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"All four buildings are operational."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-11-08","type":"H100","count":123839,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-waltham-cross","name":"Google Waltham Cross","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United Kingdom","city":"Cheshunt","state":"Hertfordshire","address":"Land at Maxwell's Farm West, Great Cambridge Road, Cheshunt, EN8 8XH","coordinates":[-0.049044000000000004,51.6954295],"operating":true,"compute":123799.89893885801,"power":88,"cost":3.3336159999999997,"chipTypes":["TPU v6e"],"description":"The facility uses advanced air-cooling instead of water-cooling to minimize water use, and is equipped for off-site heat recovery — capturing waste heat to warm nearby homes, schools and businesses for free.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Google — Waltham Cross data centre page","url":"https://datacenters.google/locations/waltham-cross/"},{"title":"Google opening announcement (Sept 2025)","url":"https://www.googlecloudpresscorner.com/2025-09-16-Google-Opens-Waltham-Cross-Data-Centre-as-Part-of-Two-year-GBP5-Billion-Investment-in-the-UK-to-Help-Power-its-AI-Economy"},{"title":"Project Saracen scoping report (Broxbourne planning application ref 07/18/1181/O) ","url":"https://www.broxbourne.gov.uk/downloads/file/51/project-saracen-scoping-report-for-submission-full-13-08-18-compressed-v2"},{"title":"Planning application description (CPRE Hertfordshire)","url":"https://www.cpreherts.org.uk/resources/land-at-maxwells-farm-west-great-cambridge-road-cheshunt-hertfordshire/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vXTZsF2JXQCSUH20Gx6_kumpzQLuoVebrndE2lHmGTM/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-waltham-cross","footprintM2":26400,"shapes":[{"points":[[-0.049454,51.697763],[-0.049604,51.694931],[-0.04836,51.694931],[-0.048263,51.697743],[-0.049454,51.697763]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-0.049604,51.694931,-0.048263,51.697763],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-01-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins (Sentinel-2 imagery)."},{"date":"2025-09-01","compute":123799.89893885801,"power":88,"facilityPower":124,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building complete and operational; full buildout reached. Sentinel-2 imagery shows the building finished with components installed and cars in the car park. Confirmed by Google's official blog post announcing the Waltham Cross data centre opening (https://blog.google/company-news/inside-google/around-the-globe/google-europe/united-kingdom/waltham-cross-data-centre/)."},{"date":"2026-04-23","compute":123799.89893885801,"power":88,"facilityPower":124,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Full buildout reconfirmed via high-resolution Pléiades-Neo satellite image; no capacity change since September 2025."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-09-01","type":"TPU v6e","count":133385,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"vnet-bayin-ulanqab","name":"VNET Bayin Ulanqab","owner":"VNET","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"ByteDance","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"China","city":"Ulanqab","state":"Inner Mongolia","address":"Bayin, Ulanqab, China","coordinates":[113.3143105,40.9810915],"operating":true,"compute":122789.28751894896,"power":221,"cost":8.371922,"chipTypes":["Ascend 910C"],"description":"VNET has described the Ulanqab campus as large language model oriented, and handling training related requests. This campus is part of VNET’s broader 10 GW project to build three gigawatt-class clusters by 2036.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Official VNET resource page for data centers","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260619185141/https://www.vnet.com/resource.html"},{"title":"Analyst report by Zhongtai Securities, citing 1-GW capacity goals","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260619185224/https://stcn.com/article/detail/2241162.html"},{"title":"Interview with VP Gavin Shen: campus will be AI-driven","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/vnet-group-inc-nasdaqvnet-q3-2024-earnings-call-transcript-1395031/"},{"title":"ByteDance-VNET 500 MW data center deal (China-wide)","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/tiktok-owner-bytedance-signs-500mw-vnet-china-data-center-deal/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zHNmd-avKvWoJc_ivOj6u54g9OyIDjM2-ybubuxj2yc/edit?usp=drive_link","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/vnet-bayin-ulanqab","footprintM2":166501,"shapes":[{"points":[[113.316282,40.98133],[113.315825,40.980119],[113.317348,40.979791],[113.317793,40.981011],[113.316282,40.98133]],"complete":true},{"points":[[113.315419,40.979194],[113.317027,40.978843],[113.31728,40.979525],[113.315689,40.979862],[113.315419,40.979194]],"complete":false},{"points":[[113.31538,40.979084],[113.315124,40.978412],[113.316701,40.978061],[113.316974,40.978741],[113.31538,40.979084]],"complete":true},{"points":[[113.313468,40.978783],[113.315025,40.978449],[113.315516,40.979681],[113.313922,40.980019],[113.313468,40.978783]],"complete":true},{"points":[[113.312668,40.981697],[113.312246,40.980549],[113.313599,40.980251],[113.314041,40.981415],[113.312668,40.981697]],"complete":false},{"points":[[113.312123,40.98033],[113.311665,40.979137],[113.313076,40.978844],[113.313526,40.980032],[113.312123,40.98033]],"complete":false},{"points":[[113.311167,40.98205],[113.310737,40.980864],[113.312137,40.980551],[113.312591,40.981737],[113.311167,40.98205]],"complete":true},{"points":[[113.310604,40.980666],[113.310199,40.979441],[113.311606,40.979169],[113.312043,40.980358],[113.310604,40.980666]],"complete":true},{"points":[[113.317364,40.98379],[113.316866,40.982407],[113.318268,40.982115],[113.318777,40.983485],[113.317364,40.98379]],"complete":false},{"points":[[113.31588,40.984122],[113.315369,40.982721],[113.31677,40.982416],[113.317278,40.983829],[113.31588,40.984122]],"complete":false}],"extent":[113.310199,40.978061,113.318777,40.984122],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-03-15","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins late March, as can be seen in satellite images (eastern part: buildings 1 & 2). VNET officially [announces](https://web.archive.org/web/20250620154431/https://www.vnet.com/portal/article/index/cid/14/id/876.html) its signing ceremony with the Ulanqab municipal government and Shandong Hi-Speed Holdings."},{"date":"2025-02-05","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows five buildings (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) under construction. Chillers are in place, but no roof is complete for any building."},{"date":"2025-07-01","compute":20970.186963112683,"power":38,"facilityPower":43,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, based on a 3-month fit-out period after structural completion in April, as can be seen from satellite imagery."},{"date":"2025-08-01","compute":20970.186963112683,"power":38,"facilityPower":43,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows that in total nine buildings have started construction, with building 1 being the only one operational. Buildings 2 and 5 are structurally complete, and the final roofs for buildings 3 and 4 have begun."},{"date":"2025-11-01","compute":94492.1677614957,"power":171,"facilityPower":194,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Buildings 2 and 5 are operational, based on a 3-month fit-out period after structural completion in August, as can be seen from satellite imagery. Land clearing for the northern part of campus (buildings 10 and 11) has started."},{"date":"2025-12-01","compute":122789.28751894896,"power":221,"facilityPower":252,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 is operational, similarly based on a 3-month fit-out period after structural completion in September, as seen from satellite imagery."},{"date":"2026-03-05","compute":122789.28751894896,"power":221,"facilityPower":252,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows four operational buildings (1, 2, 4, 5), and the western part of campus (6, 7, 8, 9) has made significant construction progress. 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Comparable data centers in Ulanqab are expected to take at least 6 months per phase ([China Unicom](https://archive.ph/bJDHl))."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-07-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":27568,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-11-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":124512,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-12-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":161296,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"VNET","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-arcola","name":"Google Arcola","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Arcola","state":"Virginia","address":"42575 Arcola Blvd, Sterling, VA 20166","coordinates":[-77.531595,38.941889],"operating":true,"compute":108135.42193026781,"power":77,"cost":2.9169140000000002,"chipTypes":["TPU v6e","TPU v7"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling 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Building 2 shell looks mostly completed."},{"date":"2026-02-06","compute":108135.42193026781,"power":77,"facilityPower":93,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 appears active - the surrounding land is finished including the site entrance and the parking lot. The dry coolers for Building 2 are nearly complete although the building is still clearly a construction zone. The Building 2 substation also appears complete."},{"date":"2026-12-01","compute":279434.0576048509,"power":154,"facilityPower":185,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is estimated to be operational."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-08-25","type":"TPU v6e","count":116560,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-papillion","name":"Google Papillion","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Papillion\n","state":"Nebraska","address":"14651-15249 Gold Coast Rd 68138 Papillion Nebraska, USA","coordinates":[-96.14905617006775,41.13599849622392],"operating":true,"compute":100555.83628094998,"power":237,"cost":8.978034,"chipTypes":["TPU v4","TPU v5e","TPU v5p"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Draft basis of air permit with details of cooling towers","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nONzuLnpMPST0bOINDKXmSZ0ANlynYY0/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"2025 Environmental Report","url":"https://sustainability.google/reports/google-2025-environmental-report/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1OKS1FDYBSSB5oVkWYW_gDcZ3Za1UZfR_vK4l3lT8AP4/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-papillion","footprintM2":122594,"shapes":[{"points":[[-96.14565003556676,41.135412862257624],[-96.14565003556676,41.13441579618612],[-96.14246078719901,41.13441579618612],[-96.14246078719901,41.135412862257624],[-96.14565003556676,41.135412862257624]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-96.1423496241769,41.13543841292784],[-96.1423496241769,41.13446143851522],[-96.14058120684562,41.13446143851522],[-96.14058120684562,41.13543841292784],[-96.1423496241769,41.13543841292784]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-96.15750433599565,41.134892592039336],[-96.15750433599565,41.133893654666366],[-96.15423956553752,41.133893654666366],[-96.15423956553752,41.134892592039336],[-96.15750433599565,41.134892592039336]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-96.15408044877756,41.13490119959744],[-96.15408044877756,41.133803465537966],[-96.1523411811821,41.133803465537966],[-96.1523411811821,41.13490119959744],[-96.15408044877756,41.13490119959744]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-96.15199862036887,41.139120382386494],[-96.15199862036887,41.13668060503545],[-96.15074554251709,41.13668060503545],[-96.15074554251709,41.139120382386494],[-96.15199862036887,41.139120382386494]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-96.15750433599565,41.133803465537966,-96.14058120684562,41.139120382386494],"timeline":[{"date":"2020-03-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1 of expansion."},{"date":"2022-10-16","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 2 under construction. Building 3 begins construction. "},{"date":"2023-01-23","compute":21424.962102071753,"power":79,"facilityPower":95,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 assumed operational due to vapor from cooling towers. Building 2 4/7 cooling towers installed. Building 3 roof complete coverage but unfinished. "},{"date":"2024-02-15","compute":21424.962102071753,"power":79,"facilityPower":95,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 assumed operational due to vapor from cooling towers. Building 3 5/7 cooling towers installed."},{"date":"2024-08-03","compute":100555.83628094998,"power":237,"facilityPower":284,"waterMGD":0.088,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 looks operational."},{"date":"2025-11-03","compute":100555.83628094998,"power":237,"facilityPower":284,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Land cleared for Building 4 and 5."},{"date":"2026-05-04","compute":100555.83628094998,"power":237,"facilityPower":284,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 4 shell mostly complete, Building 5 steel framing is underway."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2023-01-23","type":"TPU v4","count":115242,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2023-01-23","type":"TPU v5e","count":27322,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-08-03","type":"TPU v5e","count":261166,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-08-03","type":"TPU v5p","count":70453,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-gallatin","name":"Meta Gallatin","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"","state":"","address":"1 Meta Lp, Gallatin, TN 37066","coordinates":[-86.368472,36.4071355],"operating":true,"compute":99545.22486104093,"power":87,"cost":3.2957339999999995,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Meta fact sheet","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Meta_s-Gallatin-Data-Center.pdf"},{"title":"Campus extension announcement","url":"https://www.gallatingetsit.com/newsroom/meta-approved-for-another-data-center-on-gallatin-campus"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11d5_1ctrhEaeCqinR2l_YwvltGLDpMRm4_lcfS5bfV0/edit?usp=drive_link","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-gallatin","footprintM2":26902,"shapes":[{"points":[[-86.368135,36.40586],[-86.367681,36.405396],[-86.367165,36.405786],[-86.366313,36.404957],[-86.365717,36.405367],[-86.366546,36.406166],[-86.366251,36.406369],[-86.36673,36.406818],[-86.367012,36.406606],[-86.367852,36.407406],[-86.368448,36.407016],[-86.367613,36.406231],[-86.368135,36.40586]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-86.368448,36.404957,-86.365717,36.407406],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-09-11","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing starts for Building 1."},{"date":"2026-02-09","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 shell and cooling looks complete, but construction equipment is still seen around cooling and building. "},{"date":"2026-08-24","compute":99545.22486104093,"power":87,"facilityPower":114,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, based on a lack of construction activity around the shell and cooling equipment, and about 6 months passing after structural completion."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-08-24","type":"B300","count":39453,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-los-lunas","name":"Meta Los Lunas","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Los Lunas","state":"New Mexico","address":"4250 Messenger Lp, Los Lunas, NM 87031","coordinates":[-106.7879925,34.827650500000004],"operating":true,"compute":99545.22486104093,"power":87,"cost":3.2957339999999995,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Meta fact sheet","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Meta_s-Los-Lunas-Data-Center.pdf"},{"title":"Air quality permit for expansion","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TxuazhSkiaHCd5FGKh_Syc_RsrzfV7Wd/view?usp=drive_link"},{"title":"Construction contractor page for the site","url":"https://fortisconstruction.com/project/meta-los-lunas-campus/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mhkRkn27J1JmPrRvXejn_eSQr33e1_yfQ1fsKMa4Bis/edit?usp=drive_link","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-los-lunas","footprintM2":75832,"shapes":[{"points":[[-106.786854,34.822079],[-106.786859,34.821615],[-106.783696,34.82164],[-106.783712,34.8221],[-106.786854,34.822079]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-106.787092,34.82548],[-106.787092,34.824833],[-106.785778,34.824848],[-106.785787,34.824245],[-106.785099,34.824275],[-106.785117,34.82484],[-106.783794,34.824848],[-106.783794,34.82548],[-106.785108,34.825465],[-106.785099,34.825778],[-106.785824,34.825778],[-106.785806,34.82548],[-106.787092,34.82548]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-106.792354,34.833672],[-106.792335,34.830918],[-106.792231,34.830916],[-106.792256,34.830543],[-106.791355,34.83055],[-106.791357,34.830898],[-106.791258,34.830896],[-106.791281,34.833686],[-106.792354,34.833672]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-106.792354,34.821615,-106.783696,34.833686],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-07-24","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing starts for new building."},{"date":"2026-03-01","compute":99545.22486104093,"power":87,"facilityPower":114,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, based on no construction activity around the shell and cooling equipment, and about 5 months passing after structural completion."},{"date":"2026-10-26","compute":133906.01313794847,"power":118,"facilityPower":147,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 (a tent like building) is operational. Based on a default estimate of 3 months for fit-out after structural completion in July."},{"date":"2028-01-01","compute":869125.8211217787,"power":218,"facilityPower":273,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is estimated to be operational. This is estimated from the timeline of similar buildings at other Meta sites."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-03-01","type":"B300","count":39453,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-ellendale-nd","name":"CoreWeave Ellendale ND","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Ellendale","state":"North Dakota","address":"9685 87th Ave SE, Ellendale, ND 58436","coordinates":[-98.5725168,46.01530355],"operating":true,"compute":93481.55634158666,"power":68,"cost":2.5759760000000003,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"Applied Digital’s two roughly 15-year leases with CoreWeave cover 400 MW across three buildings, an initial contract worth about $7 billion.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","third-party reporting","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Applied Digital Announces 250MW AI Data Center Lease With CoreWeave","url":"https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/123/applied-digital-announces-250mw-ai-data-center-lease-with"},{"title":"SEC 8k Filing with Applied Digital","url":"https://ir.applieddigital.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001641172-25-013199/form8-k.htm"},{"title":"Applied Digital Delivers Second Building at Polaris Forge 1","url":"https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/157/applied-digital-delivers-second-building-at-polaris-forge-1"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a572c9bP48XuHQ3R_GFdrYa17MmkoK8IT7-FOrxRgDw/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-ellendale-nd","footprintM2":193799,"shapes":[{"points":[[-98.5734933,46.0155879],[-98.573531,46.01465],[-98.5714646,46.0146091],[-98.5714317,46.0155558],[-98.5734933,46.0155879]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-98.5760322,46.0197593],[-98.5760861,46.0181795],[-98.5695125,46.018113],[-98.5694826,46.019697],[-98.5725898,46.0197302],[-98.5725958,46.0196055],[-98.5728891,46.0196055],[-98.5728951,46.0197302],[-98.5760322,46.0197593]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-98.5781699,46.0236226],[-98.578197,46.0220791],[-98.5715828,46.0220352],[-98.5715647,46.0235849],[-98.5747068,46.0236123],[-98.5747182,46.0234845],[-98.5750074,46.0234908],[-98.5750042,46.0236147],[-98.5781699,46.0236226]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-98.578197,46.0146091,-98.5694826,46.0236226],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-10-31","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Start of construction for the first building, according to [Applied Digital](https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/75/applied-digital-announces-groundbreaking-of). CoreWeave was not leased yet at this site, but this is the construction start date we're using for relevance."},{"date":"2025-05-28","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"CoreWeave signed the first lease package for 250 MW. No buildings online yet. This is according to an [SEC 8-k filing](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1144879/000164117225013199/form8-k.htm) from this date."},{"date":"2025-08-29","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"[A new 150 MW lease](https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/128/applied-digital-finalizes-additional-150mw-lease-with) brings CoreWeave to 400 MW total contracted. The project is now clearly scheduled to be a three-building CoreWeave campus. "},{"date":"2025-10-27","compute":68721.57655381506,"power":50,"facilityPower":65,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"The first 50 MW slice of Building 1 has reached Ready for Service status according to [this report](https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/133/applied-digital-achieves-ready-for-service-for-phase-1-at). This is the first point where we would count any CoreWeave capacity as operational."},{"date":"2025-11-24","compute":93481.55634158666,"power":68,"facilityPower":88,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"[This Applied Digital report](https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/137/applied-digital-completes-phase-ii-ready-for-service-at) says the rest of Building 1 has reached Ready for Service, bringing the first building to its expected 100 MW. We can treat this as the first completed data center building."},{"date":"2026-03-27","compute":93481.55634158666,"power":68,"facilityPower":88,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"According to satellite imagery, Building 1 looks complete and in service, with the surrounding power/cooling equipment also operational. (Note: this image doesn't provide a view of buildings 2 or 3, though it's very safe to assume they're under construction at this stage, considering they're still under construction in the satellite image 3 months from now.)"},{"date":"2026-06-30","compute":93481.55634158666,"power":68,"facilityPower":88,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"According to satellite imagery, Building 2 is fully roofed and shell complete, with rooftop chillers mostly installed. Building 3 construction is well underway, with about 1/4 of the roofing done and the foundation laid out."},{"date":"2026-12-31","compute":300151.59171298635,"power":88,"facilityPower":114,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":2,"notes":"According to the [schedule](https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/128/applied-digital-finalizes-additional-150mw-lease-with), Building 2 should be online sometime in the second half of 2026. We can estimate the end of 2026 for 250 MW operational."},{"date":"2027-06-01","compute":505305.7099545225,"power":400,"facilityPower":520,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":3,"notes":"According to [schedule](https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/128/applied-digital-finalizes-additional-150mw-lease-with), Building 3 should come online in the first half of 2027. That would bring the full PF1 campus to 400 MW, according to the contract."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-10-27","type":"B200","count":27300,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-11-24","type":"B200","count":36900,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-sarpy","name":"Meta Sarpy","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Springfield","state":"Nebraska","address":"14436-14998 Fairview Rd, Springfield, NE 68059, USA","coordinates":[-96.1450745,41.111532],"operating":true,"compute":91965.63921172309,"power":80,"cost":3.03056,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"Sarpy County is powered entirely by renewable energy sourced through Meta’s wind-farm investments in northeast Nebraska and Kansas.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Meta Sarpy info sheet (PDF)","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/sarpy-data-center-info-sheet/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1iFwArbo-x0WDxO3mfvZBopGZsd4EvA9HDfjxXKyfy5g/edit?gid=2010365208#gid=2010365208","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-sarpy","footprintM2":27967,"shapes":[{"points":[[-96.146074,41.10573],[-96.145577,41.105216],[-96.144445,41.105852],[-96.143972,41.1054],[-96.143312,41.105788],[-96.143785,41.106214],[-96.142671,41.10685],[-96.143169,41.107347],[-96.144326,41.106723],[-96.144571,41.106959],[-96.145204,41.106596],[-96.144926,41.106341],[-96.146074,41.10573]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-96.146074,41.105216,-96.142671,41.107347],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-08-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 grading underway."},{"date":"2026-05-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 shell, electrical and cooling equipment looks complete, with minimal construction work, so we expect it to be operational within 3 months."},{"date":"2026-08-02","compute":91965.63921172309,"power":80,"facilityPower":105,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational (estimate)."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-08-02","type":"B300","count":36300,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"huawei-horinger","name":"Huawei Horinger","owner":"Huawei","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"China","city":"Hohhot","state":"Inner Mongolia","address":"Huawei, Horinger, China","coordinates":[111.82789,40.539822],"operating":true,"compute":89439.11066195049,"power":184.3,"cost":6.9816526,"chipTypes":["Ascend 910C"],"description":"One report suggests the Horinger campus could eventually grow to as many as 50 buildings under an unconfirmed Phase 2.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Press report on the campus launch announcing CloudMatrix384 use","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260623185431/https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/roll/2025-07-14/doc-inffmier6612415.shtml"},{"title":"News article on construction start date and capacity at full build-out","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260624112951/http://nmg.news.cn/20231008/57bb95be6791497db95bc7d2f229a68e/c.html"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/101jEwxBg5tstkmiGAx3fJt2ruTRtT-9Tqs484oKJBoU/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/huawei-horinger","footprintM2":138365,"shapes":[{"points":[[111.803653,40.534199],[111.80312,40.535297],[111.801333,40.534794],[111.801897,40.533689],[111.803653,40.534199]],"complete":true},{"points":[[111.803017,40.535377],[111.80248,40.536498],[111.800741,40.535954],[111.801284,40.534865],[111.803017,40.535377]],"complete":true},{"points":[[111.804605,40.534679],[111.806256,40.535144],[111.805441,40.536724],[111.803759,40.536229],[111.804605,40.534679]],"complete":false},{"points":[[111.853943,40.543357],[111.852891,40.54413],[111.851608,40.542991],[111.852694,40.542274],[111.853943,40.543357]],"complete":true},{"points":[[111.852775,40.544197],[111.851654,40.54505],[111.850371,40.543921],[111.851505,40.543086],[111.852775,40.544197]],"complete":true},{"points":[[111.852905,40.545144],[111.854372,40.544143],[111.855603,40.545138],[111.854082,40.546206],[111.852905,40.545144]],"complete":false}],"extent":[111.800741,40.533689,111.855603,40.546206],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-10-08","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins simultaneously for all three campuses (west, north, and south) after an [official ceremony](https://web.archive.org/web/20260624112951/http://nmg.news.cn/20231008/57bb95be6791497db95bc7d2f229a68e/c.html). Two of the campuses later have the cooling capacity indicative of AI workloads, while the other (the north campus) does not."},{"date":"2025-02-24","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"On the west zone, building 1 is structurally complete, and building 4 is structurally complete apart from some remaining cooling towers. Buildings 2 and 5 have begun construction."},{"date":"2025-04-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Four buildings are seen to be structurally complete via satellite imagery."},{"date":"2025-06-01","compute":17532.64274886306,"power":36.1,"facilityPower":41.5,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"On the west zone, building 1 is operational, assuming a 3 month fit out post structural completion, as can be seen via satellite imagery."},{"date":"2025-07-01","compute":35901.061141990904,"power":74,"facilityPower":85.1,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":2,"notes":"On the east zone, building 4 is operational, assuming a 3 month fit out post structural completion, as can be seen via satellite imagery."},{"date":"2026-02-01","compute":55096.513390601314,"power":113.6,"facilityPower":130.6,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":3,"notes":"On the west zone, building 2 is operational assuming a 3 month fit out post structural completion, as can be seen via satellite imagery."},{"date":"2026-03-05","compute":55096.513390601314,"power":113.6,"facilityPower":130.6,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":3,"notes":"Three of the six buildings planned across the three campuses (what can be called phase 1) are operational. One other is near completion, apart from backup generators. The third campus does not have cooling sufficient for AI."},{"date":"2026-05-12","compute":55096.513390601314,"power":113.6,"facilityPower":130.6,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":3,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows buildings 4 and 5 on the east zone are structurally complete, with landscaping complete."},{"date":"2026-06-07","compute":55096.513390601314,"power":113.6,"facilityPower":130.6,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":3,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows buildings 1 and 2 on the west zone are structurally complete, with landscaping complete."},{"date":"2026-07-01","compute":89439.11066195049,"power":184.3,"facilityPower":212,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":4,"notes":"On the east zone, building 5 is operational, assuming a 3 month fit out post structural completion, as can be seen via satellite imagery."},{"date":"2026-08-18","compute":89439.11066195049,"power":184.3,"facilityPower":212,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":4,"notes":"On the east zone, building 6 is under construction, and potentially larger than any of the identically sized buildings constructed thus far. Building 3 has not begun construction."},{"date":"2028-02-14","compute":168107.6301162203,"power":346.4,"facilityPower":414.6,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":5,"notes":"Building 6 is operational (estimate). This was the only new building under construction as of August 2026. Buildings in the previous phases each took 1.6 to 2.3 years from laying the foundations to becoming operational. The new building has a similar shape to a new building at the Huawei Wuhu campus which, based on its cooling and backup power capacity, is about 3.7x the power of previous buildings (see calculations sheet). We expect the chips to be 910C, or to have about the same energy efficiency as the 910C."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-06-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":23131,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-07-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":47365,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-02-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":72691,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-07-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":118000,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Huawei","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-chester-va","name":"CoreWeave Chester VA","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Chester","state":"Virginia","address":"1401 Meadowville Technology Parkway, Chester, VA","coordinates":[-77.3295152,37.3591007],"operating":true,"compute":88428.49924204143,"power":82,"cost":3.106324,"chipTypes":["H100","B200"],"description":"Chirisa secured $200 million to fit out this CoreWeave-leased facility, reported as a 27 MW site on a 12-year lease.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Chirisa secures $200 million loan to fit out VA Data center for CoreWeave","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-secures-200-million-loan-to-fit-out-virginia-data-center-for-coreweave/"},{"title":"Blue Owl-led JV secures $750m to build out data centers for CoreWeave","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/blue-owl-led-jv-secures-750m-to-build-out-data-centers-for-coreweave/"},{"title":"Chirisa offers former Capital One data center in Virginia to hyperscalers","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-offers-former-capital-one-data-center-in-virginia-to-hyperscalers/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1d6BKTzXUVmUCBOjAv2WR8GOHKXodNaD0vrDpE6Zmvms/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-chester-va","footprintM2":77819,"shapes":[{"points":[[-77.327217,37.3611837],[-77.3283262,37.3605192],[-77.3266542,37.3588152],[-77.3257106,37.3594073],[-77.3268115,37.3604468],[-77.3266045,37.3605916],[-77.327217,37.3611837]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-77.3261343,37.3608393],[-77.3262978,37.3607348],[-77.3249721,37.3593618],[-77.3243927,37.3597121],[-77.3258516,37.3611977],[-77.3262637,37.3609521],[-77.3261343,37.3608393]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-77.3343066,37.3577002],[-77.334816,37.356381],[-77.3322224,37.3557184],[-77.3316281,37.3570744],[-77.3343066,37.3577002]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-77.334816,37.3557184,-77.3243927,37.3611977],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-09-18","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Conversion starts at CTP-01 (Building 1). The data center was formerly owned by Capital One, now leased to CoreWeave. Source: https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/chirisa-secures-200-million-loan-to-fit-out-virginia-data-center-for-coreweave/"},{"date":"2024-01-31","compute":14805.45730166751,"power":18,"facilityPower":25,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1's second data hall scheduled to come online this month."},{"date":"2024-04-30","compute":22081.85952501263,"power":27,"facilityPower":38,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is scheduled to be fully online by this point, so we count the full 27 MW as operational here."},{"date":"2025-01-22","compute":22081.85952501263,"power":27,"facilityPower":38,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows Building 1 complete, with Building 2's yard work and early construction visible. Building 3 hasn't started yet, since the old building is still there."},{"date":"2026-05-20","compute":88428.49924204143,"power":82,"facilityPower":114,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Based on satellite imagery, Building 3 has cleared its land and is beginning construction. Building 2 is operational judging from the colored motion artifacts on the cooling tower fans."},{"date":"2027-06-30","compute":125821.1217786761,"power":113,"facilityPower":197,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Buildings 3 is estimated complete by the end of Q1 2027, based on the current PowerHouse schedule. Added another three months to account for commissioning and server installation."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-01-31","type":"H100","count":14800,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2024-04-30","type":"H100","count":22100,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-05-20","type":"B200","count":26162,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"oracle-batam","name":"Oracle Batam","owner":"Oracle","ownerConfidence":"likely","users":[{"name":"Tencent","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"Indonesia","city":"Batam","state":"Riau Islands","address":"","coordinates":[104.10496649999999,1.188286],"operating":true,"compute":84386.05356240526,"power":72,"cost":2.7275039999999997,"chipTypes":["B200","B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"DayOne discloses a partnership with \"leading global tech company\" at their Batam campus","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/posts/digitaltransformation-datacenter-ugcPost-7264614420276744194-aQSa/"},{"title":"Oracle announces their Batam cloud compute region","url":"https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/releasenotes/oci/new-region-batam.htm"},{"title":"Oracle is later reported to be leasing DayOne data centers in Indonesia","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/oracle-establishes-cloud-presence-in-indonesia/"},{"title":"DayOne video stating 72 MW of IT power and NVIDIA partnership, and showing cooling tower fan movement","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/posts/dayonedc-datacenter-batam-ugcPost-7450899048925986816-Wxqu/"},{"title":"Tencent deal with Oracle for 100,000 AI chips in Southeast Asian data centers","url":"https://www.ft.com/content/8799b33d-f07c-4a03-82f0-bf5d3d1d29e9?accessToken=zwAAAaD3-or2kdOHmbM98HxKA9OC8L9dPR0p6Q.MEQCIA_pBrPOlGsccPd3UEtachg3kZ3Mwf4xusSWqcN8MiuLAiAv5TwQnZRSQuibHbQhluPLV6Qy1l8-MGIP01Q1j867sg&sharetype=gift&token=6796be6f-e465-4115-beae-a3ca06ad8cbf&syn-25a6b1a6=1"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1C4sc-3wUDCdAm9aKw8xC8xcCCnD4EdXEIM5azFZ4rR4/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/oracle-batam","footprintM2":40948,"shapes":[{"points":[[104.105546,1.189606],[104.104523,1.188898],[104.104909,1.188369],[104.105917,1.189105],[104.105546,1.189606]],"complete":false},{"points":[[104.105988,1.189074],[104.104965,1.188366],[104.105351,1.187838],[104.106359,1.188573],[104.105988,1.189074]],"complete":false},{"points":[[104.104397,1.188845],[104.103623,1.188338],[104.103574,1.187558],[104.103963,1.186966],[104.105147,1.187807],[104.104397,1.188845]],"complete":false}],"extent":[104.103574,1.186966,104.106359,1.189606],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2025-05-15","compute":40424.456796361796,"power":33,"facilityPower":43,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 are operational. Based on Oracle [announcing](https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/releasenotes/oci/new-region-batam.htm) the Indonesia North (Batam) region is available, and both buildings looking complete soon after, in June."},{"date":"2025-06-13","compute":40424.456796361796,"power":33,"facilityPower":43,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 shell is partly built. Building 1 and 2 look complete."},{"date":"2025-10-01","compute":40424.456796361796,"power":33,"facilityPower":43,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 has cooling towers beginning to be installed."},{"date":"2026-03-19","compute":40424.456796361796,"power":33,"facilityPower":43,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 3 looks complete including building shell, chillers and backup generators."},{"date":"2026-04-17","compute":84386.05356240526,"power":72,"facilityPower":94,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational. Based on it looking complete as of March, and DayOne [posting](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/dayonedc-datacenter-batam-ugcPost-7450899048925986816-Wxqu/) a video of the facility on this date. In one shot of the video, fan movement is visible for all buildings, suggesting they are all operational."},{"date":"2026-05-06","compute":84386.05356240526,"power":72,"facilityPower":94,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"The three buildings look unchanged since March."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-05-15","type":"B200","count":15999,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-04-17","type":"B300","count":17397,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Oracle","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"aws-berwick","name":"AWS Berwick","owner":"Amazon","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Anthropic","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Berwick","state":"Pennsylvania","address":"1125 Electron Ave, Berwick, PA 18603","coordinates":[-76.14878784999999,41.08505165],"operating":true,"compute":81354.21930267812,"power":108,"cost":4.091256,"chipTypes":["Trainium2"],"description":"We speculate that this campus is a Project Rainier site used by Anthropic because the New York Times reported a Project Rainier site may be in Pennsylvania, and like other confirmed or suspected Project Rainier sites, it is not listed as a public AWS Region.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","third-party reporting","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"NYT reporting that one of the Project Rainier sites may be in Pennsylvania","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/24/technology/amazon-ai-data-centers.html"},{"title":"Talen SEC filing detailing the $650M sale of the Cumulus data center campus to AWS","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1622536/000162828024036935/tln-20240630.htm"},{"title":"Pennsylvania PUC filing describing the planned 16-building AWS data center development","url":"https://www.puc.pa.gov/pcdocs/1861638.pdf"},{"title":"SRBC filing covering AWS campus expansion and water-use plans","url":"https://www.srbc.gov/about/news/docs/2025-159-final-public-comment-responses-20260128.pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1InmGZk_dfT4oFdHmD5jVt2Q--H1wgeT8lMmx-qqmwFI/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/aws-berwick","footprintM2":65306,"shapes":[{"points":[[-76.144684,41.0858812],[-76.1446494,41.0852324],[-76.1424647,41.0852878],[-76.1424907,41.0859367],[-76.144684,41.0858812]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-76.1442427,41.0846633],[-76.1441453,41.0829489],[-76.1427718,41.0829893],[-76.1428546,41.0846816],[-76.1424163,41.0847],[-76.142426,41.0848579],[-76.1428498,41.0848468],[-76.1428644,41.084979],[-76.1439797,41.084968],[-76.1439846,41.0846743],[-76.1442427,41.0846633]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-76.1545215,41.0845909],[-76.1550988,41.084454],[-76.1549575,41.0841436],[-76.1551594,41.0840675],[-76.1547314,41.0832155],[-76.1539442,41.0834376],[-76.1545215,41.0845909]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-76.1464823,41.0819913],[-76.146435,41.0813567],[-76.1435124,41.0814352],[-76.1435313,41.0820483],[-76.1464823,41.0819913]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-76.1551594,41.0813567,-76.1424163,41.0859367],"timeline":[{"date":"2021-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins. [Talen Energy](https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/talen-energy-to-build-300mw-nuclear-powered-cryptomining-facility-and-data-center-in-us/) reported on July 12, 2021 that site-preparation permits had already been obtained and site work was underway, while permits for construction of the first building were still being pursued. We model land clearing as starting from the beginning of the month."},{"date":"2023-01-17","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"[Cumulus](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cumulus-data-completes-key-milestones-in-construction-of-its-flagship-zero-carbon-susquehanna-data-center-campus-301722751.html) completes a 48 MW, 300,000 sq ft powered shell for the first data center at the Susquehanna campus. The shell is available for lease, with the campus still awaiting its first tenant and commercial operations."},{"date":"2024-03-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"[AWS](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1622536/000162828025023501/tln-20250331.htm) acquires the Cumulus/Talen building campus for $650M."},{"date":"2024-06-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 fit out and related construction begins under Amazon, based on the [Susquehanna River Basin Commission](https://www.srbc.gov/waav/search/GetPending?documentType=Application&isABRe=false&projectNumber=2024-056) (SRBC) schedule."},{"date":"2025-09-09","compute":35320.86912582112,"power":47,"facilityPower":66,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational estimate. According to [Google Earth Satellite Imagery](https://earth.google.com/web/search/Berwick,+PA/@41.08459175,-76.14321499,203.05778839a,756.59305105d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=CiwiJgokCYCDFkPTLDRAEX6DFkPTLDTAGUGoL_2-pEVAIRNn30rGL03AQgIIAUICCABKDQj___________8BEAA) from this date, Building 1 appears structurally complete and likely operational, while Building 2 is still missing two generators."},{"date":"2026-01-07","compute":58110.15664477008,"power":77,"facilityPower":102,"waterMGD":0.06,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 operational estimate. This is based on the progress visible in the September 2025 image. [The DEP](https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/secure/pabulletin/data/vol56/56-4/56-4.pdf) also issues an air plan approval to add 48 more emergency generators on this date."},{"date":"2026-03-12","compute":58110.15664477008,"power":77,"facilityPower":102,"waterMGD":0.129,"buildings":2,"notes":"[The SRBC](https://www.srbc.gov/waav/Search/getdocket?documenttype=Approval&isabre=False&projectnumber=20260301) increases approved water use from 0.060 MGD to 0.129 MGD. This supports that some expansion is happening, but does not explicitly prove a third operational building."},{"date":"2026-05-05","compute":58110.15664477008,"power":77,"facilityPower":102,"waterMGD":0.129,"buildings":2,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 visibly complete and operational. Building 3 appears complete and may be commissioning, but it's likely not operational yet given the immediate surrounding construction work. Several additional building shells and pads are still in construction, but none are assumed operational due to all the construction work visible. This is based on satellite imagery from this date."},{"date":"2026-08-01","compute":81354.21930267812,"power":108,"facilityPower":139,"waterMGD":0.129,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 expected to come online sometime around August 2026, since in the May satellite image it appeared structurally complete with minimal construction surrounding it. Basing MW estimate using Building 2 as a reference."},{"date":"2027-08-01","compute":145022.73875694795,"power":169,"facilityPower":212,"waterMGD":0.129,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 expected to come online around August 2027, judging from prior satellite imagery. Modeled at twice Building 2's capacity because Building 4 is approximately twice its size."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-09-09","type":"Trainium2","count":53760,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-01-07","type":"Trainium2","count":88799,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-08-01","type":"Trainium2","count":123838,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Amazon","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-marble-nc","name":"CoreWeave Marble NC","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Marble","state":"North Carolina","address":"155 Palmer Ln, Marble, NC 28905","coordinates":[-83.91607195,35.18747175748714],"operating":true,"compute":78827.6907529055,"power":65,"cost":2.46233,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"Marble is a former crypto-mining facility that Core Scientific converted to dense GPU hosting, handing the full contracted 65 MW to CoreWeave by May 2026.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Core Scientific - Q1 2026 Fiscal Earnings Call","url":"https://investors.corescientific.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001628280-26-031246/q1fy26earningsdeck.htm"},{"title":"Core Scientific - Official Marble, NC Datacenter page","url":"https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/marble-nc/"},{"title":"Core Scientific - Q1 2025 Earnings Presentation","url":"https://investors.corescientific.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001628280-25-023161/exhibit992-q12025earning.htm"},{"title":"Core Scientific - June 2024 Investor and Analyst Day","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1839341/000162828024027821/corescientificinvestorda.htm"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1_8yOR7DUXGIDghGwUSlVuqiFhbfA40iaxr9HyvslST8/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-marble-nc","footprintM2":24643,"shapes":[{"points":[[-83.91534506066694,35.18600427047602],[-83.91759688021394,35.18567059344102],[-83.91742010185682,35.18487251497427],[-83.91464636525569,35.18530939510575],[-83.91482735262105,35.186100589365665],[-83.91505463908044,35.18606962973476],[-83.91520195437785,35.186681940237975],[-83.91534506066694,35.18666474056759],[-83.91531559760719,35.18655122265285],[-83.9154671219135,35.18652714307454],[-83.91534506066694,35.18600427047602]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-83.91759688021394,35.18487251497427,-83.91464636525569,35.186681940237975],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-06-25","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Core Scientific announced that CoreWeave would receive about 70 MW of HPC infrastructure from 100 MW of owned infrastructure. Site modifications were expected to begin in H2 2024."},{"date":"2026-03-13","compute":43456.291056088936,"power":36,"facilityPower":50.4,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"The site has been energized. Two of three data halls had been delivered at [37 billable MW](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1839341/000119312526165121/d149019dex992.htm), supporting about 15000 Grace Blackwell GPUs. The third hall was still in commissioning."},{"date":"2026-04-17","compute":43456.291056088936,"power":36,"facilityPower":50.4,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows the main data hall and southern utility yard substantially complete. No new public MW disclosure, so this keeps the March 2026 public 36 MW state."},{"date":"2026-05-06","compute":78827.6907529055,"power":65,"facilityPower":91,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Core Scientific said Marble was fully handed over to CoreWeave with about 65 MW of billable customer power online."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-03-13","type":"B200","count":17200,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-05-06","type":"B200","count":31100,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-aiken","name":"Meta Aiken","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Aiken","state":"South Carolina","address":"7601 State Hwy 105, Trenton, SC 29847, USA","coordinates":[-81.84279699999999,33.642427],"operating":true,"compute":78322.38504295099,"power":69,"cost":2.613858,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"Announced in August 2024 as a more than $800 million investment, Aiken will be Meta’s 22nd U.S. data center.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","structural similarity to known buildings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Meta Introduction to the Aiken Project","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2024/08/hello-south-carolina/"},{"title":"DPR Construction project page","url":"https://www.dpr.com/projects/meta-aiken-data-center-aiken-sc"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1AoK8Ky5mZJ_hhsFx16S1ugapGMrlIIcMVWYSWqkJmkU/edit?gid=2010365208#gid=2010365208","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-aiken","footprintM2":61083,"shapes":[{"points":[[-81.846326,33.640851],[-81.8457,33.640156],[-81.84346,33.641535],[-81.843581,33.641668],[-81.843261,33.641861],[-81.843748,33.64242],[-81.846326,33.640851]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-81.839868,33.644857],[-81.842844,33.643001],[-81.8422,33.64231],[-81.839237,33.64416],[-81.839868,33.644857]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-81.846326,33.640156,-81.839237,33.644857],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-05-30","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins"},{"date":"2026-04-08","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 are nearly complete, but there's still some equipment strewn around the site. We expect around 3 more months needed for commissioning and server installation."},{"date":"2026-08-07","compute":78322.38504295099,"power":69,"facilityPower":90,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is confirmed operational via drone imagery with 8/9 group of coolers with spinning fans. Imagery also confirms all cooling and power infrastructure in place for Building 2."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-08-07","type":"B300","count":31078,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"huawei-wuhu","name":"Huawei Wuhu","owner":"Huawei","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"China","city":"Wuhu","state":"Anhui","address":"Wuhu, China","coordinates":[118.299806,31.291765],"operating":true,"compute":76326.42748863062,"power":157,"cost":5.947474,"chipTypes":["Ascend 910C"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","drone imagery","structural similarity to known buildings","third-party reporting","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"Official Huawei page for its Wuhu DC","url":"https://activity.huaweicloud.com/events/east-china1.html"},{"title":"Aerial footage of Jiangbei, one of three zones part of the multi-part campus","url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ca4y127pB/"},{"title":"Environmental report","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260729204259/https://sthjj.wuhu.gov.cn/hbyw/hjsp/jsxmhpsp/8404947.html"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1LtTROd6CTTzqjI0x9EqOby-EcYytmXsaG35z93W1bDk/edit?usp=drive_link","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/huawei-wuhu","footprintM2":101243,"shapes":[{"points":[[118.339299,31.243702],[118.340118,31.243321],[118.340809,31.244374],[118.339971,31.244748],[118.339299,31.243702]],"complete":false},{"points":[[118.284374,31.349491],[118.284373,31.348656],[118.285779,31.348661],[118.285775,31.349488],[118.284374,31.349491]],"complete":false},{"points":[[118.28439,31.348267],[118.284392,31.34744],[118.285772,31.347438],[118.285768,31.348262],[118.28439,31.348267]],"complete":true},{"points":[[118.258876,31.236047],[118.258876,31.235167],[118.260346,31.235167],[118.260346,31.236047],[118.258876,31.236047]],"complete":true},{"points":[[118.258876,31.234837],[118.258876,31.233955],[118.260341,31.233955],[118.260341,31.234837],[118.258876,31.234837]],"complete":true},{"points":[[118.337478,31.245579],[118.337027,31.244865],[118.338238,31.244302],[118.338699,31.245014],[118.337478,31.245579]],"complete":true},{"points":[[118.291545,31.348725],[118.291124,31.347517],[118.292056,31.347265],[118.292499,31.348471],[118.291545,31.348725]],"complete":false},{"points":[[118.261602,31.234402],[118.262552,31.234375],[118.262543,31.235647],[118.261631,31.235647],[118.261602,31.234402]],"complete":false}],"extent":[118.258876,31.233955,118.340809,31.349491],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-01-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins, with the east campus being the first of the three. Land clearing begins for the other two campuses months after."},{"date":"2025-01-01","compute":21628.954017180393,"power":45,"facilityPower":51,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"The first building is operational. On the north campus, building 4 is operational assuming a 3-month fit-out post structural completion."},{"date":"2025-03-01","compute":57767.55937342092,"power":119,"facilityPower":137,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":3,"notes":"Three buildings are operational. On the west campus, building 1 is operational, and on the east campus, building 7 is operational. The second building on the east campus has installed generators, but as of 2026 does not have the cooling sufficient for AI. Assumes a 3-month fit-out post structural completion."},{"date":"2025-11-01","compute":76326.42748863062,"power":157,"facilityPower":181,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":4,"notes":"Four buildings are operational. On the west campus, building 2 is operational assuming a 3-month fit-out post structural completion."},{"date":"2026-01-24","compute":76326.42748863062,"power":157,"facilityPower":181,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":4,"notes":"Four buildings are operational in total. A fifth building, building 5 on the north campus, is finishing installing roofside cooling. Another building on the east campus is complete but does not have sufficient cooling for AI despite its backup generators. The remaining three buildings, one per campus, have not begun construction."},{"date":"2026-06-01","compute":76326.42748863062,"power":157,"facilityPower":181,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":4,"notes":"Four buildings are operational. On the north campus, building 5 is nearing structural completion but still has roofing and cooling remaining."},{"date":"2026-08-06","compute":76326.42748863062,"power":157,"facilityPower":181,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":4,"notes":"On the north campus, building 5 is structurally complete but not operational as seen by barricades and no parked cars. Building 6, a much larger building across the pond, should finish construction in approximately one month, given that it is structurally complete and 75% of its cooling looks to be installed. On the east campus, building 9 is under construction."},{"date":"2026-11-01","compute":96537.64527539161,"power":199,"facilityPower":229,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":5,"notes":"Five buildings are operational. On the north campus, building 5 is operational assuming a 3-month fit-out post structural completion."},{"date":"2026-12-31","compute":176595.25012632643,"power":364,"facilityPower":419,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":6,"notes":"Six buildings are operational. On the north campus, building 6, the larger building, is operational assuming a 3-month fit-out if it is structurally complete in September. We assume Building 6 is about 3.7x more power than one of the previous buildings, based on the size and quantity of cooling and backup generator equipment observed in satellite imagery."},{"date":"2027-12-01","compute":221923.6988377969,"power":457,"facilityPower":526,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":8,"notes":"All eight AI buildings are operational. Buildings 3 and 9 are assumed to be 1.25x the power and compute of buildings 1 and 7 based on the sizing of the backup generator enclosures; building 8 is excluded due to insufficient cooling. The time from observed land-clearing to operational is 23-26 months based on previous buildings."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-01-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":28536,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-03-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":76214,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-11-01","type":"Ascend 910C","count":100700,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Huawei","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"core42-lake-mariner","name":"Core42 Lake Mariner","owner":"Core42","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"G42","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"United States","city":"Barker","state":"New York","address":"7725 Lake Rd, Barker, NY 14012","coordinates":[-78.60603979554762,43.35493249958752],"operating":true,"compute":71753.4108135422,"power":58,"cost":2.197156,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Terawulf press release with details of Core42 lease for Buildings 1-2","url":"https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/terawulf-to-deliver-over-70-mw-of-data-center"},{"title":"Terawulf press release with details and timeline for Buildings 1-5","url":"https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results"},{"title":"DCD article suggesting that Fluidstack will deploy Google TPUs at Lake Mariner","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-offers-its-tpus-to-ai-cloud-providers-report/"},{"title":"Announcement of Anthropic-Fluidstack partnership, including data center(s) in New York","url":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-invests-50-billion-in-american-ai-infrastructure"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11RE1IAiuyFAcPcYMPMG4-ev3C13N84c5fq4TY8JK6wY/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/core42-lake-mariner","footprintM2":22573,"shapes":[{"points":[[-78.605075301044,43.35624335124473],[-78.60292146774543,43.3564988986862],[-78.60308818705936,43.35726881075405],[-78.60525553814055,43.35702964762541],[-78.605075301044,43.35624335124473]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-78.60435771455536,43.357207135565176],[-78.60289720618987,43.35737257092018],[-78.60301404685887,43.35789570137172],[-78.6044591814523,43.35773473863662],[-78.60435771455536,43.357207135565176]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-78.60525553814055,43.35624335124473,-78.60289720618987,43.35789570137172],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1, also known as CB-1, the first large AI/HPC building on the site."},{"date":"2025-10-01","compute":19858.514401212735,"power":16,"facilityPower":19,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational. Based on Terawulf [saying](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/terawulf-reports-third-quarter-2025-results) \"As of September 30, 2025, the site has energized 245 MW of Bitcoin-mining capacity and 22.5 MW of HPC capacity.\" The small \"Wulf Den\" building was [said](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/terawulf-to-deliver-over-70-mw-of-data-center) to be 2 MW of IT power while CB-1 would be 16 MW. This is roughly consistent with 22.5 MW of total facility power. This building is [leased](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/terawulf-to-deliver-over-70-mw-of-data-center) to Core42, a subsidiary of UAE-based G42. It likely uses NVIDIA DGX B200 servers. "},{"date":"2026-03-02","compute":19858.514401212735,"power":16,"facilityPower":19,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 both appear to have complete building and cooling equipment, based on satellite imagery. Not considering Building 2 operational yet, due to Terawulf's [statement](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results) that CB2B is expected in March 2026, and is likely still in commissioning phase."},{"date":"2026-03-31","compute":71753.4108135422,"power":58,"facilityPower":58,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational. On February 26, Terawulf [stated](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results) that CB2A is operational, presumably making up half the final capacity. CB2B was expected in March 2026. However, it's notable that a drone video commissioned from [RAAD](https://raad.com/) showed no cooling fan movement on May 8th, suggesting it was not in use. This building is [leased](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/terawulf-to-deliver-over-70-mw-of-data-center) to Core42, a subsidiary of UAE-based G42. It likely uses NVIDIA DGX B200 servers. "},{"date":"2026-07-23","compute":71753.4108135422,"power":58,"facilityPower":58,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":2,"notes":"Both buildings still operational according to satellite imagery. "}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-10-01","type":"B200","count":7852,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-03-31","type":"B200","count":28463,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Core42","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"microsoft-sat40","name":"Microsoft SAT40","owner":"Microsoft","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"San Antonio","state":"Texas","address":"15000 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245","coordinates":[-98.804239,29.4153686],"operating":true,"compute":64679.13087417888,"power":75,"cost":2.84115,"chipTypes":["H100","B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"TDLR for SAT40 (Building 2)","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2023013247"},{"title":"TDLR for a set of three long buildings, which includes the first building we believe is for AI (Building 1)","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/EABPRJB8824650"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1wtryXxH9tEtc3gatXW1GmwtJzZB3uKkSD0Pw-RJBZnY/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-sat40","footprintM2":36744,"shapes":[{"points":[[-98.8066167,29.4150218],[-98.8066167,29.4109928],[-98.80611,29.4109928],[-98.80611,29.4150218],[-98.8066167,29.4150218]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-98.8039538,29.4195993],[-98.8041709,29.4190991],[-98.8018087,29.4183246],[-98.8015795,29.4188295],[-98.8039538,29.4195993]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-98.8066167,29.4109928,-98.8015795,29.4195993],"timeline":[{"date":"2018-12-28","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for the site, specifically digging up a parking lot and making outlines for the buildings. Evident on [Google Earth](https://earth.google.com/web/@29.4149522,-98.80304495,292.48816289a,1532.49619452d,35y,0h,0t,0r/). "},{"date":"2024-05-24","compute":32390.096008084893,"power":47,"facilityPower":66,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. Estimated 3 months out from February, when there was still construction equipment."},{"date":"2025-12-01","compute":64679.13087417888,"power":75,"facilityPower":106,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 operational. No more construction on building, and surrounding roads are also complete."},{"date":"2026-02-04","compute":64679.13087417888,"power":75,"facilityPower":106,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Site has already been completed, with no more visible construction on any building."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-05-24","type":"H100","count":32407,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2025-12-01","type":"B300","count":12750,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Microsoft","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"stack-infrastructure-nva02","name":"STACK Infrastructure NVA02","owner":"","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Manassas","state":"Virginia","address":"9590 Hornbaker Rd, Manassas, VA 20109","coordinates":[-77.53963350000001,38.744820000000004],"operating":true,"compute":61141.99090449722,"power":85,"cost":3.21997,"chipTypes":["H100"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency","company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Official website for NVA02, showcasing their project.","url":"https://www.stackinfra.com/locations/americas/northern-virginia/nva02/"},{"title":"Most recent official schematic of the NVA02 campus.","url":"https://www.stackinfra.com/about/news-press/press-releases/stack-infrastructure-expands-northern-virginia-data-center-campus/"},{"title":"Air quality permit from the state of Virginia.","url":"https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/25966/638633868679100000"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1VaMTR_IA8V30N7aa47QXt1VVLog_-LzLWSrGuFIGF8c/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/stack-infrastructure-nva02","footprintM2":81308,"shapes":[{"points":[[-77.538817,38.744123],[-77.537587,38.742839],[-77.53701,38.743172],[-77.53826,38.744454],[-77.538817,38.744123]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-77.538887,38.747312],[-77.538198,38.747069],[-77.536688,38.749077],[-77.537343,38.749363],[-77.538887,38.747312]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-77.543521,38.744178],[-77.542443,38.742768],[-77.54181,38.743067],[-77.542842,38.744449],[-77.543521,38.744178]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-77.543404,38.742317],[-77.544468,38.743704],[-77.544931,38.743483],[-77.543919,38.742096],[-77.543404,38.742317]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-77.54175,38.740487],[-77.541914,38.740966],[-77.543428,38.74067],[-77.543272,38.740135],[-77.54175,38.740487]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-77.538557,38.74484],[-77.535835,38.74661],[-77.536497,38.74723],[-77.536674,38.747108],[-77.53661,38.74702],[-77.538964,38.745498],[-77.539047,38.745574],[-77.539238,38.745436],[-77.538557,38.74484]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-77.544931,38.740135,-77.535835,38.749363],"timeline":[{"date":"2019-10-19","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins by Peterson Companies for Stack Infrastructure, which is noted in the [news](https://www.bisnow.com/washington-dc/news/data-center/peterson-cos-partnering-to-build-4m-sf-data-center-campus-in-manassas-102646) and visible on satellite imagery."},{"date":"2024-10-01","compute":61141.99090449722,"power":85,"facilityPower":118,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, which is assumed to be three months after the last backup diesel generators are finished. The generators were first seen to be finished July 1 from satellite imagery [(a clear image of this can be seen on July 29 via Google Earth).](https://earth.google.com/web/search/38%c2%b044%2745%2e12%22N+77%c2%b032%2716%2e47%22W/@38.7458667,-77.5379083,83.89135729a,642.01325639d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=CjQiJgokCTo0Rh9P7TVAETk0Rh9P7TXAGX6C6a6li0VAIQ_0AAa-ik7AKgYIARIAGAFCAggBQgIIAEoNCP___________wEQAA)"},{"date":"2026-02-14","compute":61141.99090449722,"power":85,"facilityPower":118,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"All buildings have begun construction (with groundwork starting for AI building 6), as depicted by satellite imagery."},{"date":"2028-01-01","compute":250631.63213744314,"power":348,"facilityPower":487,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Estimate: All 6 AI data center buildings will be finished in 2028, assuming a groundbreak-to-operational timeline of 18-24 months. One is complete, three are clearly under construction, and the last two data centers are still breaking ground and laying foundations."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-10-01","type":"H100","count":60911,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"anthropic-lake-mariner","name":"Anthropic Lake Mariner","owner":"AI XPV Platform","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Anthropic","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"United States","city":"Barker","state":"New York","address":"7725 Lake Rd, Barker, NY 14012","coordinates":[-78.60203824717944,43.35642754850562],"operating":true,"compute":58564.93178372915,"power":42,"cost":1.5910440000000001,"chipTypes":["TPU v7"],"description":"Built at a former coal plant on the shores of Lake Ontario, the Fluidstack-leased buildings are reported to serve Google TPUs for Anthropic.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Terawulf press release with details and timeline for Buildings 1-5","url":"https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results"},{"title":"DCD article suggesting that Fluidstack will deploy Google TPUs at Lake Mariner","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-offers-its-tpus-to-ai-cloud-providers-report/"},{"title":"Announcement of Anthropic-Fluidstack partnership, including data center(s) in New York","url":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-invests-50-billion-in-american-ai-infrastructure"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MrE3TlzhV8IPcb0uPixkfec3txcHt0iLTXhKjeFPsSU/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/anthropic-lake-mariner","footprintM2":105880,"shapes":[{"points":[[-78.59851198554479,43.35788506470092],[-78.59696018629842,43.358059582708506],[-78.59759095361792,43.36104254546592],[-78.59916508091108,43.36087209440217],[-78.59851198554479,43.35788506470092]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-78.60214515762631,43.356568872223676],[-78.59934247078093,43.356899771417204],[-78.59950919009484,43.357672954578135],[-78.60231638286804,43.35734861199424],[-78.60214515762631,43.356568872223676]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-78.59663503271778,43.36117631735658],[-78.59600058731337,43.35816722546866],[-78.59444975455878,43.3583422356414],[-78.59510407595344,43.36134409354722],[-78.59663503271778,43.36117631735658]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-78.60231638286804,43.356568872223676,-78.59444975455878,43.36134409354722],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-06-11","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1 (AKA CB3)."},{"date":"2026-03-02","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 appears to have a complete shell and cooling equipment. Building 2 shell is still under construction, but 17 cooling units are already loaded on the roof. The outline of Building 3 is visible at the foundation."},{"date":"2026-05-31","compute":58564.93178372915,"power":42,"facilityPower":49,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational. On February 26, Terawulf [stated](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results) that CB3 was expected to be energized by mid-May 2026. A drone video commissioned from [RAAD](https://raad.com/) shows several cooling units operating on May 8. It's therefore likely that the building was fully operational around this date."},{"date":"2026-07-23","compute":58564.93178372915,"power":42,"facilityPower":49,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 looks complete, consistent with it going operational back in May. Building 2 is mostly complete, with the row of backup generators on the east side of the building still being installed. Building 3 shell is complete, with rooftop coolers midway through installation, and no neighboring generators installed/visible yet."},{"date":"2026-10-31","compute":292829.71197574533,"power":210,"facilityPower":245,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 (AKA CB4) is operational. On February 26, Terawulf [stated](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results) that CB4 was expected to be energized by Q3 2026."},{"date":"2027-03-31","compute":527084.3860535624,"power":378,"facilityPower":441,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 (AKA CB5) is operational. On February 26, 2026, Terawulf [stated](https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/132/terawulf-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2025-results) that CB5 was expected to be energized by Q4 2026. However, based on the pace of Building 2, and comparisons to other projects like Stargate Abilene, we think this is optimistic. We expect a 3-month delay past the end of Q4 2026 to get to full operational capacity."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-05-31","type":"TPU v7","count":25120,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"AI XPV Platform","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"microsoft-nebius-new-jersey","name":"Microsoft-Nebius New Jersey","owner":"Nebius","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Microsoft","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"United States","city":"Vineland","state":"New Jersey","address":"3963 S Lincoln Ave, Vineland, New Jersey","coordinates":[-75.01675499999999,39.4267515],"operating":true,"compute":56846.89236988378,"power":50,"cost":1.8941,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","our cooling equipment power model"],"sources":[{"title":"Nebius: up to 300 MW capacity at new New Jersey data center","url":"https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-accelerates-us-expansion-adding-up-to-300-mw-capacity-at-new-data-center-in-new-jersey"},{"title":"DataOne and Nebius partner for 300 MW AI data center (Data Centre Magazine)","url":"https://datacentremagazine.com/articles/dataone-and-nebius-partner-for-new-300mw-ai-data-centre"},{"title":"Microsoft secures 100,000 NVIDIA GB300 via Nebius deal (Tom's Hardware)","url":"https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/artificial-intelligence/microsoft-inks-usd33-billion-in-deals-with-neoclouds-like-nebius-coreweave-nebius-deal-alone-secures-100-000-nvidia-gb300-chips-for-internal-use"},{"title":"DataOne CEO on first 50 MW delivery to Nebius (LinkedIn)","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7367650153555591168/"},{"title":"Large data center nears completion in Vineland (Cape May County Herald)","url":"https://capemaycountyherald.com/article/large-data-center-nears-completion-in-vineland/"},{"title":"SemiAnalysis: Stop Saying Half of 2026 US Datacenter Capacity Is Canceled","url":"https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/stop-saying-half-of-2026-us-datacenter"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-x8TTkzOemQ4hI61I5tuHgatFUSI0e5F3RAw8uufooI/edit","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-nebius-new-jersey","footprintM2":40080,"shapes":[{"points":[[-75.017625,39.427279],[-75.017734,39.42713],[-75.017741,39.42713],[-75.017734,39.42713],[-75.015492,39.425781],[-75.014377,39.426906],[-75.015272,39.427444],[-75.015318,39.427409],[-75.015421,39.427449],[-75.015363,39.427513],[-75.016046,39.427912],[-75.015988,39.428001],[-75.016497,39.428285],[-75.016684,39.428175],[-75.016768,39.42822],[-75.016948,39.428046],[-75.016909,39.428011],[-75.017277,39.427658],[-75.017322,39.427688],[-75.017715,39.427344],[-75.017625,39.427279]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-75.017741,39.425781,-75.014377,39.428285],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-05-31","compute":null,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for northern two buildings (Building 1-2)."},{"date":"2025-12-15","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"By mid-December 2025 the building was still not complete. A satellite analysis by SemiAnalysis found that the air-cooled chillers serving the second half of the first 50 MW phase were not yet installed, so the phase was not yet operational. SemiAnalysis estimated the full 50 MW would be reached around January to February 2026."},{"date":"2026-04-15","compute":56846.89236988378,"power":50,"facilityPower":70,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"High-resolution satellite imagery shows the air-cooled chiller array has grown to roughly 30 units, enough to support the first phase. We estimate Building 1 became operational around early 2026 with about 50 MW of IT capacity (70 MW total facility power at a 1.4 PUE), based on DataOne's disclosure of a first 50 MW phase. SemiAnalysis estimated the full 50 MW was reached around January to February 2026 ([SemiAnalysis](https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/stop-saying-half-of-2026-us-datacenter)); this April image is our first high-resolution confirmation that the cooling is in place."},{"date":"2026-07-12","compute":56846.89236988378,"power":50,"facilityPower":70,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Compared with the April 2026 image, the building shell is closer to completion, and several additional air-cooled chillers have appeared on the ground, though they do not yet appear to be connected or operating. We therefore keep IT capacity at 50 MW."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-04-15","type":"B300","count":22500,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"Nebius","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-norway","name":"CoreWeave Norway","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"Norway","city":"Øvrebø","state":"Agder","address":"Stølevegen 39, 4715 Øvrebø, Norway","coordinates":[7.89841695,58.25879235],"operating":true,"compute":50773.11773623042,"power":42,"cost":1.5910440000000001,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","third-party reporting","our cooling equipment power model","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"CoreWeave/Bulk N01 partnership announcement","url":"https://bulkinfrastructure.com/newsroom/coreweave-partners-with-bulk-infrastructure"},{"title":"Bulk N01 expansion announcement","url":"https://bulkinfrastructure.com/newsroom/bulk-data-centers-unveils-plan-for-data-center-expansion-following-unprecedented-demand"},{"title":"Bulk N01 campus brochure with 5-data-center plan","url":"https://bulkinfrastructure.com/uploads/N01-Campus_Brochure_May24.pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1FRJgBDYY-e4bGkkHh54hBNz_b1baQjVwgWCXZnv22eg/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-norway","footprintM2":5150,"shapes":[{"points":[[7.8946615,58.2572222],[7.8952803,58.2568418],[7.8950722,58.2567439],[7.895346,58.2565652],[7.8955621,58.256661],[7.8962278,58.2562541],[7.8966166,58.2564096],[7.8959813,58.2568044],[7.8963005,58.2569452],[7.8960172,58.2571151],[7.8956911,58.2569859],[7.8950448,58.2573893],[7.8946615,58.2572222]],"complete":true}],"extent":[7.8946615,58.2562541,7.8966166,58.2573893],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-01-23","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"[This article](https://bulkinfrastructure.com/newsroom/bulk-data-centers-unveils-plan-for-data-center-expansion-following-unprecedented-demand) from Bulk Infrastructure says construction had started on the \"next 42 MW facility\" by this date, so we model it as starting from here."},{"date":"2025-07-27","compute":50773.11773623042,"power":42,"facilityPower":50,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 appears to be operational based on satellite imagery, so we model it as operational from this date. In addition, [Bulk](https://bulkinfrastructure.com/newsroom/coreweave-partners-with-bulk-infrastructure) said CoreWeave’s Norway AI deployment was expected to be operational by summer 2025. Since this lines up nicely with the new 42 MW building, we assume the 42 MW of Building 1 is fully leased by CoreWeave."},{"date":"2026-04-25","compute":50773.11773623042,"power":42,"facilityPower":50,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 perimeter is now fully paved. No other significant changes to Building 1 since the July 2025 image."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-07-27","type":"B200","count":20096,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"nebius-mantsala","name":"Nebius Mantsala","owner":"Nebius","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Microsoft","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"Finland","city":"Mantsala","state":"Uusimaa","address":"","coordinates":[25.260475,60.629345],"operating":true,"compute":48527.92066700354,"power":75,"cost":2.84115,"chipTypes":["H100","B300","H200"],"description":"Approximately 20,000 kWh are recovered annually from the Mantsala campus which then goes back to heating around 2500 nearby homes.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Nebius to triple capacity of Mantsala campus to 75 MW","url":"https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-to-triple-capacity-at-finland-data-center-to-75-mw"},{"title":"Nebius announcing deployment of first GB300 NVL72 systems in Europe","url":"https://nebius.com/blog/posts/first-live-nvidia-gb300-nvl72-deployment-in-europe"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1DcKmWfHZdahF2yfzmUprURMkEiCiluypSrobnkxz-wQ/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/nebius-mantsala","footprintM2":18606,"shapes":[{"points":[[25.264581,60.629174],[25.263261,60.629155],[25.263241,60.628589],[25.264587,60.62861],[25.264581,60.629174]],"complete":true},{"points":[[25.263073,60.629152],[25.261739,60.629128],[25.261739,60.628557],[25.263071,60.628584],[25.263073,60.629152]],"complete":true},{"points":[[25.261182,60.629145],[25.258511,60.630024],[25.258155,60.62975],[25.258257,60.629714],[25.258066,60.629576],[25.260567,60.628757],[25.260755,60.628888],[25.260825,60.628866],[25.261182,60.629145]],"complete":true}],"extent":[25.258066,60.628557,25.264587,60.630024],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-10-08","compute":25284,"power":40,"facilityPower":48,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"[Nebius announces expansion of Mantsala campus to 75MW.](https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-to-triple-capacity-at-finland-data-center-to-75-mw)"},{"date":"2025-11-14","compute":25284,"power":40,"facilityPower":48,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Satellite imagery suggests that installation of the cooling units is finalizing on the expansion building. Construction equipment remains around the site. We do not believe the building is operational at this point."},{"date":"2026-03-31","compute":48527.92066700354,"power":75,"facilityPower":90,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"[Nebius announces that the expansion to 75MW is operational at the beginning of 2026.](https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-to-construct-310-mw-ai-factory-in-finland)"},{"date":"2026-06-29","compute":48527.92066700354,"power":75,"facilityPower":90,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"All three buildings in the first phase are operational."},{"date":"2027-12-31","compute":226233.83274381,"power":145,"facilityPower":196,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"[According to company estimates, the second expansion of 70MW will be complete by the end of 2027.](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/at-earnings-we-said-nebius-is-expanding-its-share-7493603318020370433-hkGo/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_ios&rcm=ACoAAAA0mUUBRa3Pv7LQtyPOfMvNdkHncgpQUmc)"}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-10-08","type":"H100","count":25284,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-03-31","type":"B300","count":864,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2026-03-31","type":"H200","count":21061,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"Nebius","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"southgate-melbourne","name":"Southgate Melbourne","owner":"Firmus","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"Australia","city":"Melbourne","state":"Victoria","address":"","coordinates":[144.84333800000002,-37.81721],"operating":true,"compute":46488.12531581607,"power":41,"cost":1.553162,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Firmus Expands Project Southgate Across Australia","url":"https://firmus.co/newsroom/southgate-expansion"},{"title":"Firmus Signs Multi-Year Agreement with Global Hyperscale Customer at Project Southgate","url":"https://firmus.co/newsroom/firmus-signs-multi-year-agreement-with-global-hyperscale-customer-at-project-southgate"},{"title":"CDC Melbourne","url":"https://cdc.com/locations/melbourne/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11HPAZWME2riqB1Ru6YADdiWUmALWtIZ4ELMcMDqBow4/edit","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/southgate-melbourne","footprintM2":15510,"shapes":[{"points":[[144.843326,-37.815845],[144.843142,-37.816861],[144.843142,-37.816861],[144.843142,-37.816861],[144.843891,-37.816964],[144.843951,-37.816626],[144.845182,-37.816785],[144.845301,-37.816193],[144.844552,-37.816099],[144.844546,-37.816005],[144.844427,-37.816033],[144.844445,-37.815935],[144.844088,-37.815902],[144.84407,-37.815996],[144.843909,-37.815977],[144.843915,-37.815911],[144.843326,-37.815845]],"complete":true}],"extent":[144.843142,-37.816964,144.845301,-37.815845],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-12-26","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 site is cleared/vacant land; no construction visible yet (based on Google Earth historical imagery)."},{"date":"2025-10-28","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows 30 fully installed air-cooled chillers (20 fans each) on the roof, with room for many more. In the same month, Firmus [reported](https://firmus.co/newsroom/southgate-expansion) that Project Southgate's \"first stages are under construction in Tasmania and Melbourne\". So we don't think the Southgate part of the building is operational yet."},{"date":"2026-05-11","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1's cooling capacity increased to 53 air-cooled chillers (20 fans each), up from 30 in Oct 2025. This is more than enough for the announced 18,400 GB300 GPUs, but construction does not quite look complete, so we expect another 3 months until it's operational. "},{"date":"2026-08-09","compute":46488.12531581607,"power":41,"facilityPower":57,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational (estimate). No additional chip deployment beyond the 18,400 GB300 GPUs has been publicly confirmed, so we continue to report the disclosed capacity allocated to Project Southgate, rather than speculate on further buildout."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-08-09","type":"B300","count":18400,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"Firmus","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"stream-phoenix","name":"Stream Phoenix","owner":"","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Goodyear","state":"Arizona","address":"2950 S. Litchfield Road","coordinates":[-112.360048,33.412681],"operating":true,"compute":46134.4113188479,"power":64,"cost":2.424448,"chipTypes":["H100"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Official page for the data center.","url":"https://www.streamdatacenters.com/locations/phoenix/"},{"title":"Official pre-construction planning document.","url":"https://www.streamdatacenters.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SDC-Goodyear-CaseStudy-251218.pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1SC63z3YKLbCg9XNmo2uIcuGxife8xhHqYTc_IyEuzk0/edit?usp=drive_link","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/stream-phoenix","footprintM2":28012,"shapes":[{"points":[[-112.360966,33.417599],[-112.360958,33.417092],[-112.358413,33.417127],[-112.358425,33.417647],[-112.360966,33.417599]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-112.358329,33.410212],[-112.358353,33.410736],[-112.361019,33.410684],[-112.36101,33.41016],[-112.358329,33.410212]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-112.361019,33.41016,-112.358329,33.417647],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-10-30","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction beginning, as can be seen on satellite. Major renovations on western side of the non AI building (PX1), including adding generators and cooling towers. "},{"date":"2026-01-31","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Major construction has finished on AI building 1, and AI building 6 has been expedited, as depicted by satellite imagery."},{"date":"2026-05-01","compute":46134.4113188479,"power":64,"facilityPower":77,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":1,"notes":"Estimated: AI building 1 should be operational. Major construction work finished by January 31, 2026, and the shell looked complete by that date. We estimate after three months the building will be operational."},{"date":"2030-01-01","compute":160181.91005558363,"power":220,"facilityPower":267,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Although official [promotional sources](https://www.streamdatacenters.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SDC-Goodyear-CaseStudy-251218.pdf) estimate the campus to be fully operational in 10-12 years, it is likely to be finished sooner than this given the empirical durations for other data center campuses as well as because AI building 6 has been expedited. The first AI building took approximately 24 months to complete. Assuming construction for a new building starts midway for every building, then the campus will be complete in 4 years for the 5 remaining buildings, since AI buildings 2 and 6 are both underway. "}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-05-01","type":"H100","count":46112,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"microsoft-sat14","name":"Microsoft SAT14","owner":"Microsoft","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"San Antonio","state":"Texas","address":"3545 Wiseman Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78251","coordinates":[-98.6808627,29.475229623224855],"operating":true,"compute":45174.33046993431,"power":47,"cost":1.7804540000000002,"chipTypes":["H100","B300"],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Phase 1 TDLR","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019142"},{"title":"Phase 2 TDLR","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019471"},{"title":"Phase 3 TDLR","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019588"},{"title":"Phase 4 TDLR","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019686"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1IqbFMekinpl1wfte8Nav6nUJMdeOq7tCHsRR7X8zV14/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-sat14","footprintM2":25225,"shapes":[{"points":[[-98.6816964,29.477026],[-98.6823019,29.477026],[-98.6823019,29.4747715],[-98.6816964,29.4747715],[-98.6816964,29.477026]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-98.68089578473024,29.476585],[-98.68089578473024,29.476032],[-98.6791361,29.476032],[-98.6791361,29.476585],[-98.68089578473024,29.476585]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-98.6823019,29.4747715,-98.6791361,29.477026],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-02-18","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing for the site is almost complete. Informed using imagery on [Google Earth](https://earth.google.com/web/@29.476115,-98.68118,277.21295794a,724.52967601d,35y,0h,0t,0r/)"},{"date":"2024-07-01","compute":12986.356745831228,"power":19,"facilityPower":26,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. The first 2 data halls of Building 1 (with chillers already installed) are likely to be already operational. Although construction was completed prior, the on-site substation was previously incomplete, so we believe it was only operational at this point. "},{"date":"2025-08-03","compute":12986.356745831228,"power":19,"facilityPower":26,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 2 chiller installation is a little more than halfway complete, and chiller installation for the last data hall of Building 1 is also around halfway complete."},{"date":"2026-02-28","compute":12986.356745831228,"power":19,"facilityPower":26,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"No more visible construction around either building, just a little equipment. Roads fully built around buildings as well. "},{"date":"2026-03-31","compute":45174.33046993431,"power":47,"facilityPower":66,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 fully operational, Building 1 expanded. Construction is already visibly complete. Additionally, construction phases [Phase 2](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019471), [Phase 3](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019588), and [Phase 4](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2021019686) on TDLR that collectively represent the completion of the site have a completion date of 2026-03-31."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2024-07-01","type":"H100","count":12963,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-03-31","type":"B300","count":12750,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Microsoft","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"vantage-tx1","name":"Vantage TX1","owner":"","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"San Antonio","state":"Texas","address":"14720 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245","coordinates":[-98.78969031823218,29.417814781438615],"operating":true,"compute":38706.417382516425,"power":32,"cost":1.212224,"chipTypes":["B200"],"description":"Air-quality permits reveal a planned third building (TX13), though there are no signs of construction yet.","estimationMethods":["regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Construction Permitting for TX11","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2024007561"},{"title":"Construction Permitting for TX12","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026001234"},{"title":"Air quality permitting that references TX13","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rbF-RT5Sq-iZ26hK5cKzbM2K4Vq2vObY/view?usp=sharing"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1PA0eDftvbL8OQPbFyoGGPzBK_j1xEtYcZqs-cGOreVE/edit?usp=drivesdk","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/vantage-tx1","footprintM2":33146,"shapes":[{"points":[[-98.79007838729596,29.416052679848818],[-98.78937193894566,29.416388986356125],[-98.79018413585281,29.41763513893308],[-98.79085912960674,29.417300735477966],[-98.79007838729596,29.416052679848818]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-98.79044610264893,29.415676894553698],[-98.78978312321102,29.414645878517163],[-98.78834327829648,29.415347395720488],[-98.78905099867832,29.41637840463956],[-98.79044610264893,29.415676894553698]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-98.79085912960674,29.414645878517163,-98.78834327829648,29.41763513893308],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-12-15","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for both Building 1 & Building 2"},{"date":"2026-02-15","compute":38706.417382516425,"power":32,"facilityPower":44.8,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational; Roads around Building 1 complete, all cooling and side generator equipment construction has since finished as well. Although this is still earlier than the completion date reported on TDLR, based on the appearance, we believe it is operational. Reported IT power of 32 MW. [Source](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2024007561)"},{"date":"2027-08-31","compute":154623.54724608388,"power":128,"facilityPower":179.2,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Estimated construction completion date of Building 2. [Construction Project Filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026001234)"}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-02-15","type":"B200","count":15311,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-dalton-1-2","name":"CoreWeave Dalton 1 & 2","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Dalton","state":"Georgia","address":"2205 Industrial South Rd, Dalton, GA, 30721","coordinates":[-84.95104735000001,34.713183799999996],"operating":true,"compute":32238.504295098533,"power":28,"cost":1.060696,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"Core Scientific bought the Dalton site as a vacant factory in 2018, and by 2021 it was already described as a DGX-Ready AI facility.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Core Scientific page","url":"https://corescientific.com/high-density-data-centers/dalton-ga-dnn1-2/"},{"title":"SEC filing with power utility information","url":"https://investors.corescientific.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001140361-25-039864/0001140361-25-039864.pdf"},{"title":"DCD article","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/core-scientific-plans-new-ai-data-centers-in-dalton-georgia/"},{"title":"Core Scientific presentation","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1839341/000162828024027821/corescientificinvestorda.htm"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1IYUyvV2o1NHNCtyCSMWNxZClDcz2ZoCg9nwoYcLIib0/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-dalton-1-2","footprintM2":4525,"shapes":[{"points":[[-84.9518907,34.7133298],[-84.9519482,34.7129161],[-84.951624,34.7128799],[-84.9516032,34.7130874],[-84.9501747,34.7129675],[-84.9501465,34.7131805],[-84.9518907,34.7133298]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-84.9519482,34.7128799,-84.9501465,34.7133298],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-06-03","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"According to a [few](https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/74/core-scientific-to-provide-approximately-200-mw-of-infrastructure-to-host-coreweaves-high-performance-computing-services-capturing-significant-ai-compute-opportunity) [sources](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1839341/000162828025008302/core-20241231.htm), Core Scientific announced that they're rebuilding their existing Dalton 1 (and we're assuming 2) datacenter to run AI using CoreWeave's GPUs, of which contract was first signed on this date. According to the press release, \"The site modifications are expected to commence early in the second half of 2024 and achieve operational status in the first half of 2025.\""},{"date":"2025-05-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Core Scientific investor presentation clearly shows Dalton 1 with a cleared pad on this month for construction. Source: https://investors.corescientific.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001140361-25-039864/0001140361-25-039864.pdf"},{"date":"2025-08-29","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Based on Satellite imagery, Dalton 1 is still under construction. The building appears mostly roofed except for the entrance area, and there are no cooling units or backup generators installed yet."},{"date":"2026-02-20","compute":32238.504295098533,"power":28,"facilityPower":40,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, given it was announced completed 4 months ago and looks completed in satellite imagery. All cooling/mechanical rows are installed, with no obvious active building construction visible."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-02-20","type":"B300","count":12750,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"alibaba-zhangbei","name":"Alibaba Zhangbei","owner":"Alibaba","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Alibaba","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"China","city":"Zhangbei","state":"Hebei","address":"Alibaba Zhangbei Yun Calculation Data Center, Zhangbei County, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China, 076471","coordinates":[114.73237374685067,41.18353180896243],"operating":true,"compute":31884.79029813037,"power":169,"cost":6.402058,"chipTypes":["H20"],"description":"Alibaba Zhangbei is part of China’s \"Eastern Data Western Compute\" (东数西算) project, launched in 2021, which favors Zhangbei county for its abundant wind and solar power.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Sinocities blog on Eastern Data Western Compute sites","url":"https://sinocities.substack.com/p/how-is-chinas-eastern-data-western"},{"title":"News on the Chahar site, with an aerial photo","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250712063836/https://www.cscec.com/xwzx_new/zqydt_new/202504/3867074.html"},{"title":"Hebei government page with 3D renderings of the Miaotan North and Chahar sites","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20251205164722/https://gxt.hebei.gov.cn/main/portal/cylzsDetail?id=9c133225-aa96-4eb7-9906-00acc34ddbff"},{"title":"Announcement of the Hebei Zhangbei Intelligent Computing Center","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20241217034700/https://zhidx.com/p/343866.html"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12-Dec7BqasGfgwzw4LBy4B45M9B2gO3dkEV6YThuxEk/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/alibaba-zhangbei","footprintM2":93940,"shapes":[{"points":[[114.7348276463789,41.18465606519618],[114.7373517440468,41.18485995903555],[114.73726595181853,41.185502220480345],[114.73473733877131,41.18531531964925],[114.7348276463789,41.18465606519618]],"complete":true},{"points":[[114.73507064836667,41.18300477102659],[114.73758119989208,41.18320867000668],[114.73749992304465,41.18387813386343],[114.73496227923584,41.18367763525484],[114.73507064836667,41.18300477102659]],"complete":true},{"points":[[114.7349365705997,41.183841794234354],[114.73749227593032,41.18404908887686],[114.7374064837021,41.18468796004018],[114.73485529375228,41.184470472684325],[114.7349365705997,41.183841794234354]],"complete":true},{"points":[[114.73509599317867,41.182861120415026],[114.7352152988816,41.18214793955707],[114.73766453843939,41.18233220465817],[114.73756423807635,41.18306404558629],[114.73509599317867,41.182861120415026]],"complete":true},{"points":[[114.72708295526195,41.183372036206435],[114.72731509824382,41.18183879758695],[114.72733284950363,41.18156139744451],[114.72828833204926,41.181637497502976],[114.72800760097971,41.18343718315873],[114.72708295526195,41.183372036206435]],"complete":false},{"points":[[114.728569470737,41.18435018091449],[114.72865292508862,41.18373726532053],[114.73117382207022,41.183921357179344],[114.73108173451095,41.18454076833956],[114.728569470737,41.18435018091449]],"complete":true}],"extent":[114.72708295526195,41.18156139744451,114.73766453843939,41.185502220480345],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-07-23","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"New chiller configuration starts getting installed on Building 1-3."},{"date":"2025-09-17","compute":15967.660434562911,"power":85,"facilityPower":102,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Large substation is visibly connected to transmission lines. New chillers look fully installed on Building 1-3. Since power and cooling is apparently in place, we expect Building 1-3 are operational. Chillers are almost installed on Building 4-6, with construction equipment still around the building."},{"date":"2025-12-23","compute":15967.660434562911,"power":85,"facilityPower":102,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Chillers look fully installed on Building 4-6. Some chillers on Building 4 and 5 appear to have snow in the fan holes, suggesting they are not operating and other chillers are operating (since warm air would melt the snow). There is still a bit of construction equipment around Building 6 so it may not be quite operational."},{"date":"2026-01-03","compute":31884.79029813037,"power":169,"facilityPower":203,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Expect Building 4-6 have finished upgrading with new chillers."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-09-17","type":"H20","count":106606,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"},{"date":"2026-01-03","type":"H20","count":213211,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Estimate"}],"sourceOwner":"Alibaba","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"start-campus-sines-data-campus","name":"Start Campus Sines Data Campus","owner":"Nscale","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Microsoft","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"Portugal","city":"Sines","state":"Setúbal","address":"Start Campus - Sustainable Data Center Services, Sines, Portugal","coordinates":[-8.812720500000001,37.9349735],"operating":true,"compute":31834.259727134915,"power":33,"cost":1.2501060000000002,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"The first operational building at this Portuguese campus is already supporting Microsoft, with the full six-building site planned to reach 1.2 GW by 2030.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Website for the site","url":"https://www.startcampus.pt/sines"},{"title":"Factsheet for the full site","url":"https://23712035.hs-sites.com/hubfs/SINES%20DC_1.2%20GW%20DC%20Campus_V2.pdf?hsCtaAttrib=194868835084"},{"title":"Article detailing Microsoft collaboration and GPU amounts","url":"https://lp.startcampus.pt/start-campus-hosts-eus-first-nvidia-gb300-chips-with-nscale-for-microsoft"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MiA7Ol7YZ7hnnn2rZM9JZqWMVJcHWvxZTX3oUby581U/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/start-campus-sines-data-campus","footprintM2":16972,"shapes":[{"points":[[-8.813131,37.935648],[-8.813708,37.934837],[-8.812103,37.934103],[-8.811516,37.934921],[-8.813131,37.935648]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-8.813708,37.934103,-8.811516,37.935648],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-01-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1 (SIN01)"},{"date":"2024-10-31","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 (SIN01) is completed, but at this point it likely not being used for AI as the collaboration with Microsoft that resulted in GB300s did not occur until Q1 2026. The completion is based both on satellite imagery, which shows the building fully completed, and a [March 2025 article](https://econews.pt/2025/03/24/start-campus-to-start-construction-of-second-data-centre-building-in-sines-by-end-june/) that says it \"has been in operation since October\", which is October of 2024."},{"date":"2026-04-03","compute":31834.259727134915,"power":33,"facilityPower":40,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 (SIN01) operational for AI, with the first deployment of 12,600 Nvidia GB300 NVL72s to the site being reported completed \"Q1 2026\" based on the [corporate announcement](https://lp.startcampus.pt/start-campus-hosts-eus-first-nvidia-gb300-chips-with-nscale-for-microsoft). Land clearing also begins for Building 2 (SIN02), with faint dirt outlines for roads and building foundations visible."},{"date":"2026-08-16","compute":31834.259727134915,"power":33,"facilityPower":40,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Satellite imagery shows two black outlines, suggesting two buildings going up on a second adjacent site. There is an outline of another building as well. Further to the east, there is land clearing."},{"date":"2027-09-30","compute":540677.109651339,"power":233,"facilityPower":280,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 (SIN02) projected to be operational. This is based on the timeline provided in the [factsheet](https://23712035.hs-sites.com/hubfs/SINES_02.PDF.pdf?hsCtaAttrib=199407154715) for the site. We expect VR200 GPUs to be used as a lot of those chips will have already been available in September 2027, and the \"up to 600kW racks\" in the factsheet suggest they are aiming for this."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-04-03","type":"B300","count":12600,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"Nscale","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"xai-qts-atlanta","name":"xAI QTS Atlanta","owner":"SpaceX / xAI","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"SpaceXAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Atlanta","state":"Georgia","address":"1025 Jefferson Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30318","coordinates":[-84.4194365,33.7782525],"operating":true,"compute":11470.43961596766,"power":17.32971,"cost":0.6564840742199999,"chipTypes":["H100","A100"],"description":"This is xAI's second and far smaller data center: its 12,448 GPUs are a fraction of the roughly 200,000 at its Memphis Colossus 1 supercluster.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings"],"sources":[{"title":"Develop Fulton bond fact sheet: X Corp Generative AI Equipment Project (Jan 23, 2024)","url":"https://www.developfultoncounty.com/meetings-and-minutes_239_547601452.pdf"},{"title":"Business Insider: Elon Musk's new Atlanta data center for xAI has $700 million in AI equipment","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/xai-elon-musk-x-new-atlanta-data-center-2025-2"},{"title":"Fortune: Elon Musk's xAI is sharing X's equipment at its Atlanta data center (Jan 24, 2025)","url":"https://fortune.com/2025/01/24/elon-musk-xai-sharing-x-equipment-gpus-datacenter-georgia-tax-breaks-documents/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1i9MM0gKZOoc4UXpuMBHhy2qu_y64TlXeD8JUpgiLaWE/edit","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/xai-qts-atlanta","footprintM2":23913,"shapes":[{"points":[[-84.419956,33.779241],[-84.419928,33.775919],[-84.419928,33.775919],[-84.419928,33.775929],[-84.418962,33.775908],[-84.418986,33.776203],[-84.419219,33.776203],[-84.419214,33.778233],[-84.419333,33.778233],[-84.419413,33.779241],[-84.419956,33.779241]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-84.419956,33.775908,-84.418962,33.779241],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-01-23","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"X Corp's $700 million investment in AI training hardware for the Atlanta data center is approved by the Development Authority of Fulton County ([bond resolution fact sheet](https://www.developfultoncounty.com/meetings-and-minutes_239_547601452.pdf))."},{"date":"2025-02-20","compute":11470.43961596766,"power":17.32971,"facilityPower":24,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"xAI's GPU cluster in the QTS Atlanta building at 1025 Jefferson Street NW is operational around this time. This date is a tentative estimate: Business Insider reported the buildout in February 2025, so the cluster likely came online around or shortly after then, though the exact date is not disclosed. The cluster comprises 11,000 NVIDIA H100 and about 1,448 A100 GPUs, based on documents submitted to Develop Fulton as [reported by Business Insider](https://www.businessinsider.com/xai-elon-musk-x-new-atlanta-data-center-2025-2). xAI occupies part of this multi-tenant building, so its cooling is not attributed to xAI alone."},{"date":"2025-08-21","compute":11470.43961596766,"power":17.32971,"facilityPower":24,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"No significant change to the building since the cluster became operational."},{"date":"2026-07-10","compute":11470.43961596766,"power":17.32971,"facilityPower":24,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"No significant change to the building since the August 2025 image."}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2025-02-20","type":"H100","count":11000,"countSource":"Company disclosure","typeSource":"Company disclosure"},{"date":"2025-02-20","type":"A100","count":1448,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"SpaceXAI","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"nscale-keflavik","name":"Nscale Keflavik","owner":"Nscale","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[],"country":"Iceland","city":"Reykjanesbær","state":"Suðurnes","address":"Valhallarbraut 868, 262 Reykjanesbær, Iceland","coordinates":[-22.5764363,63.9761594],"operating":true,"compute":5821.121778676099,"power":5.11,"cost":0.19357702,"chipTypes":["B300"],"description":"Nscale Keflavik is located on a former NATO base, which is now being repurposed into a major AI and HPC data center campus.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","grid operator data","third-party reporting","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Nscale / Verne 15 MW deployment announcement","url":"https://www.nscale.com/press-releases/nscale-and-verne"},{"title":"Nscale GB300 NVL72 production cluster confirmation","url":"https://www.nscale.com/blog/nscale-achieves-nvidia-exemplar-cloud-status-on-nvidia-gb300-nvl72"},{"title":"Verne Keflavík campus specifications","url":"https://www.verne.co/iceland"},{"title":"Lenovo Nscale Iceland AI infrastructure case study","url":"https://www.lenovo.com/content/dam/lenovo/iso/customer-references-coe/global/en/case-studies/nscale-nvidia/lenovo_nscale_casestudy.pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1rNRBrYaKirxSa_mO-Q5PdcGy5ilOnRkDFOwRSHPF9So/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/nscale-keflavik","footprintM2":9212,"shapes":[{"points":[[-22.5753187,63.9762787],[-22.5782576,63.9763009],[-22.5782668,63.9758347],[-22.5746196,63.9758246],[-22.5746058,63.9762787],[-22.5750197,63.9762847],[-22.5750197,63.9763513],[-22.5753187,63.9763493],[-22.5753187,63.9762787]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-22.5782668,63.9758246,-22.5746058,63.9763513],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-07-08","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Site preparation begins for the southernmost KEF301 data center, here labeled as Building 1. [Heilbrigðiseftirlit Suðurnesja](https://hes.is/mengunareftirlit/leyfisveitingar-mengunareftirlit/starfsleyfi-i-auglysingu/page/2/) records authorization for Mannverk to demolish the existing structure at Valhallarbraut 872, the parcel later identified as KEF301."},{"date":"2023-05-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction of Building 1 begins. [Reykjanesbær planning records](https://www.reykjanesbaer.is/static/files/Fundargerdir/umhverfis_skipulagsrad/2023/315/12.-2023.05.11-bref-til-skipulagsfulltrua-vegna-kef020.pdf) from May 11 explicitly state that the next construction phase of KEF301 was under construction by May 2023, so we model it as starting by the beginning of the month as a conservative estimate."},{"date":"2026-01-23","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Nscale's GPU fit-out begins at the datacenter owned by Verne in Keflavik, Iceland. Estimated from [Verne's statement](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/verne-dc_phase-1-complete-in-just-three-months-75mw-activity-7452982122384027648-bxbA) that the first 7.5 MW deployment was completed in approximately three months; the exact start date was not disclosed."},{"date":"2026-04-23","compute":5821.121778676099,"power":5.11,"facilityPower":6.64,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"First Nscale AI capacity operational. [Verne reports](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/verne-dc_phase-1-complete-in-just-three-months-75mw-activity-7452982122384027648-bxbA) the first 7.5 MW of Nscale capacity deployed with 128 racks, including 64 liquid-cooled NVIDIA GB300 racks. The AI capacity is assumed to be in the southernmost white building because it is the newest major data hall, has roughly 16 MW of capacity, and was the hall still being expanded most recently before Nscale's deployment; however, Verne and Nscale have not publicly confirmed the building assignment. [Digital 9](https://www.d9infrastructure.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Digital-9-Infrastructure-Capital-Markets-Day-Presentation-March-2023.pdf) [Reykjanesbær](https://www.reykjanesbaer.is/static/files/Fundargerdir/umhverfis_skipulagsrad/2023/315/12.-2023.05.11-bref-til-skipulagsfulltrua-vegna-kef020.pdf)"},{"date":"2026-06-30","compute":5821.121778676099,"power":5.11,"facilityPower":6.64,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"64-rack NVIDIA GB300 NVL72 cluster confirmed in production. [Nscale reports](https://www.nscale.com/blog/nscale-achieves-nvidia-exemplar-cloud-status-on-nvidia-gb300-nvl72) that production benchmarking was performed during June across all 64 racks. Month-end is used because the exact benchmark date was not disclosed."},{"date":"2026-07-27","compute":5821.121778676099,"power":5.11,"facilityPower":6.64,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational (estimate). Full campus visibly externally complete from satellite imagery. Virtually no active construction visible."},{"date":"2026-12-31","compute":11642.243557352198,"power":10.21,"facilityPower":13.28,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Full 15 MW AI deployment projected operational. [Nscale and Verne announced](https://www.nscale.com/press-releases/nscale-and-verne) a 15 MW deployment across Verne's Iceland campus during 2026. We're modeling the end of the year as the completion date based on this announcement and the progress visible. "}],"chipRecords":[{"date":"2026-04-23","type":"B300","count":2304,"countSource":"Estimate","typeSource":"Company disclosure"}],"sourceOwner":"Nscale","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"anthropic-barber-lake","name":"Anthropic Barber Lake","owner":"Cipher Mining","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Anthropic","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Colorado City","state":"Texas","address":"","coordinates":[-100.919813,32.3980665],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Barber Lake runs Google TPUs rather than NVIDIA GPUs: Google both supplies the chips and helped bankroll the buildout, taking an equity stake in the developer so its silicon could be deployed for Anthropic through Fluidstack.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","third-party reporting"],"sources":[{"title":"Cipher signs 168 MW AI hosting deal with Fluidstack, Google backs it (Sep 2025)","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/09/25/3156107/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Signs-168-MW-10-Year-AI-Hosting-Agreement-with-Fluidstack.html"},{"title":"Cipher adds 56 MW gross to reach 300 MW at Barber Lake (Nov 2025)","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/20/3191801/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Signs-Additional-56-MW-10-Year-AI-Hosting-Agreement-with-Fluidstack.html"},{"title":"Cipher 8-K exhibit: 207 MW total critical IT load (SEC, Nov 2025)","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1819989/000095010325015073/dp237633_ex9901.htm"},{"title":"Anthropic to expand use of Google Cloud TPUs (Oct 2025)","url":"https://www.googlecloudpresscorner.com/2025-10-23-Anthropic-to-Expand-Use-of-Google-Cloud-TPUs-and-Services"},{"title":"Anthropic $50B US AI infrastructure with Fluidstack (Nov 2025)","url":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-invests-50-billion-in-american-ai-infrastructure"},{"title":"DCD: Cipher secures Fluidstack as customer, Google as investor","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cipher-mining-secures-fluidstack-as-a-customer-and-google-as-an-investor/"},{"title":"Air quality permit listing 60 x 3 MW plus 60 x 3.1MW backup generators","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hzNlH8549ppuCwvKfMo--3PsD-hYBJDa/view?usp=sharing"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1sGialfBa0kKKX7Vm8qL_R6Ce3PSzt7NawpAnWolnTVc/edit","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/anthropic-barber-lake","footprintM2":76668,"shapes":[{"points":[[-100.924989,32.3973],[-100.924665,32.396191],[-100.924684,32.396175],[-100.918384,32.397348],[-100.918727,32.398441],[-100.924989,32.3973]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-100.924989,32.396175,-100.918384,32.398441],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-09-18","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Site grading and civil works begin."},{"date":"2025-11-29","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Foundations of Building 1 are visible."},{"date":"2026-07-30","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 shell is complete, with rooftop units installed, and most air-cooled chillers in place in a ground yard to the north. Most of the 120 backup diesel generators are also in place. Substantial progress since Nov 2025, still under construction and not yet energized."},{"date":"2026-12-30","compute":234461.84941889843,"power":168,"facilityPower":244,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 Phase I is operational: 168 MW critical IT power (244 MW gross), running Google TPU v7 (chip type inferred, tagged likely). We estimate ~Dec 2026, about 3 months later than the disclosed target, because the site is shell-complete but not yet energized as of the Jul 2026 image. Disclosed target: [Cipher 2025-09-25 PR](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/09/25/3156107/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Signs-168-MW-10-Year-AI-Hosting-Agreement-with-Fluidstack.html) states the 168 MW critical IT load is \"expected to be delivered by September 2026.\""},{"date":"2027-04-30","compute":288529.5603840323,"power":207,"facilityPower":300,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 Phase II is operational: 207 MW total critical IT (300 MW gross). Phase II adds 39 MW critical IT (see [Cipher 2025-11-20 PR](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/20/3191801/0/en/Cipher-Mining-Signs-Additional-56-MW-10-Year-AI-Hosting-Agreement-with-Fluidstack.html)). We estimate ~Apr 2027, about 3 months later than the ~Q1 2027 target, based on construction progress."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Cipher Mining","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-lancaster-greenfield-site","name":"CoreWeave Lancaster Greenfield site","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Lancaster","state":"Pennsylvania","address":"216 Greenfield Rd, Lancaster, PA","coordinates":[-76.2621785,40.048139000000006],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"The CoreWeave Lancaster data centers were formerly used as printing press sites.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"CoreWeave announces plans to spend $6 billion on Lancaster data centers","url":"https://investors.coreweave.com/news/news-details/2025/CoreWeave-Announces-Multi-Billion-Dollar-Commitment-to-AI-Infrastructure-in-Pennsylvania/default.aspx"},{"title":"Machine Investment Group purchases two former printing press sites in Lancaster, Pennsylvania","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/machine-investment-acquires-two-printing-press-sites-in-pennsylvania-plans-data-center-redevelopment/?utm_source=datacentermap.com"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1eg37hTqVXt4hHVHSgpc1Z95W8uDgpGW9j9IbrmNbJsM/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-lancaster-greenfield-site","footprintM2":40371,"shapes":[{"points":[[-76.260837,40.049077],[-76.262758,40.047118],[-76.262239,40.046818],[-76.262189,40.04687],[-76.262233,40.046899],[-76.261593,40.047546],[-76.26138,40.047421],[-76.261205,40.047587],[-76.260288,40.047049],[-76.260316,40.047022],[-76.260149,40.04693],[-76.26005,40.047029],[-76.259872,40.04693],[-76.259687,40.047122],[-76.259458,40.046989],[-76.259134,40.047323],[-76.259298,40.047421],[-76.25898,40.047743],[-76.258749,40.047622],[-76.258591,40.047775],[-76.260837,40.049077]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-76.262758,40.046818,-76.258591,40.049077],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-07-15","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"[Coreweave announces $6 billion investment into Lancaster data centers, at two former printing press sites.](https://investors.coreweave.com/news/news-details/2025/CoreWeave-Announces-Multi-Billion-Dollar-Commitment-to-AI-Infrastructure-in-Pennsylvania/default.aspx)"},{"date":"2026-07-13","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Cooling install continues on the roof, satellite imagery indicates that not all units have been completed. Continued presence of construction vehicles and unfinished land on the campus suggests that the building is not operational yet."},{"date":"2027-06-30","compute":232945.93228903486,"power":92,"facilityPower":124,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"[We estimate that Building 1 will be operational by Summer 2027 due to third party reporting.](https://www.witf.org/2025/08/28/lancaster-city-data-centers-face-zoning-hearing-possible-new-regulations/)"}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"coreweave-muskogee-ok","name":"CoreWeave Muskogee OK","owner":"CoreWeave","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Muskogee","state":"Oklahoma","address":"1525 W 43rd St S, Muskogee, OK 74401, USA","coordinates":[-95.38847294893553,35.69363600533791],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"The planned second 82.5 MW building is currently unleased.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","our cooling equipment power model"],"sources":[{"title":"Core Scientific ground breaking announcement","url":"https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/core-scientific-and-port-muskogee-break-ground-on-100-mw-hpc-data-center"},{"title":"Port Muskogee ground breaking announcement","url":"https://www.portmuskogee.com/core-scientific-and-port-muskogee-break-ground-on-100-mw-hpc-data-center/"},{"title":"Air quality permit application","url":"https://applications.deq.ok.gov/permitspublic/storedpermits/9138.pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/14s8DmbRuWQQsfaZ7E7pj4XoOq-3RrXiDNn6p0dbZ8nc/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/coreweave-muskogee-ok","footprintM2":29688,"shapes":[{"points":[[-95.38778328707409,35.69625489146863],[-95.38778328707409,35.6951335063864],[-95.38515277662286,35.6951335063864],[-95.38515277662286,35.69625489146863],[-95.38778328707409,35.69625489146863]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-95.38778328707409,35.6951335063864,-95.38515277662286,35.69625489146863],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-11-18","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Core Scientific, CoreWeave, and Port Muskogee publicly announce groundbreaking for the 100 MW Muskogee HPC data center. Core Scientific [says](https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/99/core-scientific-and-port-muskogee-break-ground-on-100-mw-hpc-data-center) the site will provide about 70 MW of critical IT load for CoreWeave's NVIDIA GPUs."},{"date":"2026-04-09","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Based on satellite imagery, Building 1 looks mostly complete, but the site still appears to be in construction or commissioning. Not much progress has happened in the past 4 months, and a Q2 2026 finish seems unlikely."},{"date":"2026-06-13","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Based on satellite imagery, Building 1 has completed construction, with adjacent land cleared for what we're assuming will have power substations/generators. We can assume Building 1 is not operational from all the yard work directly surrounding it, and the lack of a parking lot. Building 2 (The one not leased to CoreWeave) is still in land clearing phase."},{"date":"2026-12-31","compute":90955.02779181405,"power":70,"facilityPower":98,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Estimating building 1 is operational by the end of the year, judging from the building currently completed, the completed power substation to the southwest. The surrounding yard work/construction will likely still take several months, judging from the slow pace."},{"date":"2027-12-31","compute":198079.8383021728,"power":153,"facilityPower":181,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Core Scientific expects initial delivery of the second, unleased 82.5 MW Muskogee building in Q4 2027. Not signed to have CoreWeave GPUs as of yet, but may change in the future. Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1839341/000162828026030918/exhibit991polarispressre.htm"}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"CoreWeave","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"crusoe-abilene-expansion","name":"Crusoe Abilene Expansion","owner":"Microsoft","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Microsoft","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"United States","city":"Abilene","state":"Texas","address":"5502 Spinks Rd, Abilene, TX 79601","coordinates":[-99.78197968638565,32.49188364299025],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Originally planned as an expansion of Stargate Abilene for OpenAI and Oracle, the site drew reported interest from NVIDIA and Meta before ultimately being acquired by Microsoft.","estimationMethods":["regulatory filings","company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Bloomberg reporting that Oracle and OpenAI pulled out of expanding to these buildings, NVIDIA and Meta might replace them","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-06/oracle-and-openai-end-plans-to-expand-flagship-data-center"},{"title":"Air Permit Application for the buildings, featuring blueprints on p.391","url":"https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/permitting/air/reports/applications/400428-ac.pdf"},{"title":"Aterio","url":"https://www.aterio.io/blog/stargate-files-for-phase-3-expansion-in-abilene"},{"title":"Partnership Announcement with Microsoft","url":"https://x.com/mustafasuleyman/status/2037547756320141587"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1FpTJoXhLRzKTX8S3kSnPlT8V66ad_htJPuvaYPiHAsE/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/crusoe-abilene-expansion","footprintM2":147349,"shapes":[{"points":[[-99.78078311359522,32.492599435193455],[-99.77664465490905,32.49256711388871],[-99.77664465490905,32.49421548494061],[-99.78078311359482,32.49423164529078],[-99.78078311359522,32.492599435193455]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.78529823579808,32.493194995172814],[-99.78729555833111,32.493194995172814],[-99.78731471786226,32.4895356408297],[-99.78531739532885,32.48953564068972],[-99.78529823579808,32.493194995172814]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-99.78731471786226,32.48953564068972,-99.77664465490905,32.49423164529078],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-11-02","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Buildings 1-2."},{"date":"2026-01-15","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing continues."},{"date":"2027-09-17","compute":853966.649823143,"power":336,"facilityPower":470,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. Based on the completion date to \"build-out an office and data hall\", stated in a [regulatory filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026008308)."},{"date":"2027-11-11","compute":1707933.299646286,"power":672,"facilityPower":941,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 operational. Based on the completion date to \"build-out an office and data hall\", stated in a [regulatory filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026008308)."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Microsoft","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"ecodatacenter-2","name":"EcoDataCenter 2","owner":"Mistral AI","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Mistral AI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"Sweden","city":"Borlänge","state":"Dalarna County","address":"Kvarnsvedsvägen 420, 784 66 Borlänge, Sweden","coordinates":[15.4169783,60.5263264],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"This site used to be a former Kvarnsveden paper mill, turning a century old industrial site into a major AI data center campus.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","chip efficiency","third-party reporting"],"sources":[{"title":"EcoDataCenter 2 campus overview","url":"https://ecodatacenter.tech/data-center/ecodatacenter2"},{"title":"EcoDataCenter 2025 Annual Report","url":"https://ecodatacenter.tech/hubfs/Annual%20Report%202025_EcoDC%20Holding%20AB_ENG.pdf"},{"title":"EcoDataCenter groundbreaking announcement","url":"https://ecodatacenter.tech/press/ecodatacenter-breaks-ground-on-mega-campus-in-borlnge-3406556"},{"title":"Mistral AI partnership announcement","url":"https://ecodatacenter.tech/press/mistral-ai-and-ecodatacenter-partner-to-build-ai-focused-data-center-in-sweden-3431886"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1JqKpYvy0REqpg30GweXlCKhUQ1D0mHLH_yI9erMoeEM/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/ecodatacenter-2","footprintM2":53712,"shapes":[{"points":[[15.4136384,60.5274283],[15.413914,60.5267094],[15.415965,60.5269147],[15.4157065,60.5276003],[15.4136384,60.5274283]],"complete":false},{"points":[[15.4139529,60.526455],[15.4142129,60.5257958],[15.416265,60.5259822],[15.4160163,60.5266358],[15.4139529,60.526455]],"complete":false},{"points":[[15.4166425,60.5271463],[15.4170201,60.5261998],[15.4199506,60.5264873],[15.4195461,60.5273807],[15.4192585,60.5273763],[15.4192148,60.5274786],[15.4182426,60.527394],[15.4182696,60.5273056],[15.4166425,60.5271463]],"complete":false},{"points":[[15.4171455,60.5260801],[15.417461,60.5250525],[15.4203182,60.5252888],[15.419907,60.526324],[15.4171455,60.5260801]],"complete":false}],"extent":[15.4136384,60.5250525,15.4203182,60.5276003],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-09-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins. [EcoDataCenter](https://ecodatacenter.tech/press/ecodatacenter-breaks-ground-on-mega-campus-in-borlnge-3406556) announces on September 24th that construction has started on EcoDataCenter 2, so we model it as started from the beginning of the month."},{"date":"2026-05-09","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 still under construction. The first two building shells are visibly well into construction, with lots of additional ground work visible all across the campus. Based on high-resolution satellite imagery from this date."},{"date":"2026-08-17","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 look fully roofed, with active construction showing cooling and power equipment still being installed. Buildings 3-4 look like their foundations have been laid out and are early in construction."},{"date":"2027-06-30","compute":69460.58615462355,"power":24,"facilityPower":34,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Buildings 1-2 operational. Based on [Bravida](https://www.bravida.se/en/press/press-releases/2026/bravida-carries-out-installations-in-two-data-centres-for-around-sek-200-million/) stating that installation work in two EcoDataCenter data centers in Borlänge is expected to be completed by mid-2027, together with [EcoDataCenter Annual Report 2025](https://ecodatacenter.tech/hubfs/Annual%20Report%202025_EcoDC%20Holding%20AB_ENG.pdf) identifying B1 and B2 as the first two buildings under construction."},{"date":"2028-06-30","compute":138912.3294593229,"power":48,"facilityPower":67,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 3-4 operational. Based on [Bravida](https://www.bravida.se/en/press/press-releases/2026/bravida-awarded-sek-650-million-installation-contract-in-borlange-by-ecodatacenter/) stating that installation work in another EcoDataCenter data center continues through Q1 2028, combined with permit documentation showing four data center buildings under construction by May 2026."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Mistral AI","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"goodnight","name":"Goodnight","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"speculative","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Claude","state":"Texas","address":"10001 Lima Rd, Claude, TX 79019","coordinates":[-101.308629,35.0197145],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Though named after the nearby locale of Goodnight, the data center is actually located in the town of Claude, Texas.","estimationMethods":["regulatory filings","structural similarity to known buildings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Amended tax abatement agreement, with updated blueprints on p.46","url":"https://www.co.armstrong.tx.us/upload/page/5361/Amended_Restated_Consolidated%20Second%20Property%20Tax%20Abatement%20Agreement%20%20GNDC1_ArmstrongCounty.pdf"},{"title":"Original tax abatement agreement, with original blueprints and specs on the last page","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ky5HhuhU8_JADNB2GziWa4WDRbTU4qtO/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"TABS database, with \"Llano\" data centers in the city of Claude","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/"},{"title":"Press release reports Google investing in a new data center in Armstrong County","url":"https://www.reuters.com/business/google-invest-40-billion-new-data-centers-texas-bloomberg-news-reports-2025-11-14/"},{"title":"Clean Air Act Initial Prevention of Significant Deterioration permit application.","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sI8t1MzjDTAEnn-yY4zv3SiiTCpruzSQ/view?usp=drive_link"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1NE3R883YwdkSNVCbVJfy5nMCDy99eNA1wRdwikcJYWk/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/goodnight","footprintM2":441977,"shapes":[{"points":[[-101.30202,35.018148],[-101.300002,35.018148],[-101.299995,35.021145],[-101.302002,35.021142],[-101.30202,35.018148]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-101.30531,35.018152],[-101.304451,35.018151],[-101.304185,35.018144],[-101.303292,35.018149],[-101.303295,35.019263],[-101.303284,35.020034],[-101.303274,35.021155],[-101.304155,35.021143],[-101.304407,35.021146],[-101.305285,35.021146],[-101.305299,35.020034],[-101.30531,35.018152]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-101.307269,35.015664],[-101.307261,35.011796],[-101.305251,35.011796],[-101.305236,35.015633],[-101.307269,35.015664]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-101.298965,35.018248],[-101.294265,35.018272],[-101.294271,35.019962],[-101.298931,35.019959],[-101.298965,35.018248]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-101.302697,35.024273],[-101.30271,35.022581],[-101.29806,35.02257],[-101.29806,35.024251],[-101.302697,35.024273]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-101.302702,35.025635],[-101.298049,35.025624],[-101.298029,35.027315],[-101.302681,35.027344],[-101.302702,35.025635]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-101.307269,35.011796,-101.294265,35.027344],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-05-19","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins"},{"date":"2025-10-16","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 under construction."},{"date":"2025-12-23","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction on Building 1 and 2 looks about halfway to completion. Foundations and utility trenches are visible for Building 3-4. Building 5-6 have an outline. The substation appears to be expanding."},{"date":"2026-04-16","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Progress is made on all buildings, Building 1 and 2 specically have begun to install cooling structures. The substation expansion seems to be nearing completion."},{"date":"2027-03-15","compute":124305.20464881253,"power":103,"facilityPower":132.5,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 operational. This [regulatory document](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2025027064) lists the completion date for Building 1 as 2026-09-12, the current status suggests this estimate will not be met. Based on the timeline seen at the Abilene,Texas site for the same building styles and the most recent imaged status, we estimate operability to occur 6 months after the state seen in Sept 2026."},{"date":"2027-05-15","compute":249115.7150075796,"power":206,"facilityPower":265,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 operational. The completion date for [Building 2 Tenant Improvement](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2025027065) is 2026-11-07, about 2 months later than Building 1. We therefore add 2 months to the Building 1 operational date."},{"date":"2027-10-01","compute":2278928.7518948964,"power":1006,"facilityPower":1294.1,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"6 buildings are operational. This is based on:\n1. A [regulatory filing](https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026010861) for Building 6 with a completion date of 2027-07-30. Normally there is a follow-up filing for \"tenant improvement\" which involves building the interior, with a completion date 1-3 months after the initial filing.\n2. A project deadline of EOY 2027 in the [original tax abatement agreement](https://www.co.armstrong.tx.us/upload/page/5361/Phase%201%20Tax%20Abatement%20Agreement%20-%20Signed.pdf)\n3. The similar 8-building project in Abilene taking an estimated 2 years and 2 months."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-cedar-rapids","name":"Google Cedar Rapids","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Cedar Rapids","state":"Iowa","address":"5800 EDGEWOOD RD SW CEDAR RAPIDS, IA 52404","coordinates":[-91.72237100000001,41.916991],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Permitting suggests Cedar Rapids will use more than twice as many cooling towers per building as Google’s similar New Albany and Omaha sites, even though power per building appears largely unchanged.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency","grid operator data"],"sources":[{"title":"MISO new load announcements","url":"https://cdn.misoenergy.org/NEW%20LOAD%20ANNOUNCEMENTS%20IN%20MISO%20REGIONS%2012062024684954.pdf"},{"title":"Permit application","url":"https://www.govonlinesaas.com/LCPH/EasyAir/Public/EnSuite/Shared/Pages/util/StreamDoc.ashx?id=260&type=attachment"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-ywhMnHBDsTCosaOfKibppdxI1n6GzqU1UL-v5Z1sVs/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-cedar-rapids","footprintM2":105875,"shapes":[{"points":[[-91.720102,41.915795],[-91.718904,41.915801],[-91.718952,41.918258],[-91.720165,41.918211],[-91.720102,41.915795]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.725799,41.919406],[-91.725744,41.916988],[-91.724554,41.917003],[-91.724624,41.919427],[-91.725799,41.919406]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.720163,41.918518],[-91.718965,41.918533],[-91.71904,41.920962],[-91.720256,41.920953],[-91.720163,41.918518]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.719988,41.91302],[-91.71879,41.913026],[-91.718877,41.915329],[-91.72007,41.915303],[-91.719988,41.91302]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-91.725799,41.91302,-91.71879,41.920962],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-06-14","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2025-10-27","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 cooling towers and generators starting to be put in place. There's a foundation for Building 2 and 3."},{"date":"2025-12-29","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"About half of Building 1 generators are in place. Building 2 roofing has started - about where Google Omaha Building 3 was on 2025-03-16."},{"date":"2026-04-16","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1's generators are still only about halfway in place, and ~1/2 the cooling towers are still under construction. Building 2 roofing has been completed, and visible foundations have been built for cooling towers and generators. "},{"date":"2026-12-31","compute":193466.39717028802,"power":87,"facilityPower":105,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational. There is still work to be done since April, and Q4 2026 operational estimate was based on visible progress then. "},{"date":"2027-02-22","compute":415447.1955533097,"power":174,"facilityPower":209,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational. Based on Google Omaha Building 3 taking about 14 months from starting the roof to operation."},{"date":"2027-05-23","compute":670136.4325416877,"power":261,"facilityPower":314,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational. Earlier satellite images suggest it was about 3 months behind Building 2."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"google-fort-wayne","name":"Google Fort Wayne","owner":"Google","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Google DeepMind","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Fort Wayne","state":"Indiana","address":"6015 Adams Center Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46806","coordinates":[-85.0488567789175,41.03177155754034],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Fort Wayne is one of the first sites to use Google’s new, larger data center design with expanded cooling, and is projected to draw roughly 1 GW of total facility power when completed in 2028.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Google's plans for wetlands in Fort Wayne","url":"https://www.thelocalfw.com/what-to-know-about-googles-plans-for-wetlands-in-fort-wayne/"},{"title":"Data center's diesel generators","url":"https://www.thelocalfw.com/data-center-diesel-generators/"},{"title":"Project's history and tax abatement","url":"https://www.thelocalfw.com/data-centers-secrecy-and-tax-abatements/"},{"title":"City Council approval","url":"https://citycouncildocuments.acfw.net/documents/download/2023-12-19/R-23-12-02.pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a3GgdEIeJqMwhqrfreQlnJM4GERZukdtP5QFg4xTtNo/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/google-fort-wayne","footprintM2":126295,"shapes":[{"points":[[-85.04388494357227,41.03307140103391],[-85.04372174574104,41.02878016750009],[-85.0428824426057,41.02880654888881],[-85.0429640415217,41.0298705894113],[-85.04254438995441,41.0298705894113],[-85.04247444802652,41.02870981707909],[-85.04167011585551,41.02872740469152],[-85.04184497067483,41.03313295357859],[-85.04266095983395,41.03310657392339],[-85.04256770392986,41.031207210990004],[-85.04304564043768,41.031198417515554],[-85.04309226838934,41.03308019425819],[-85.04388494357227,41.03307140103391]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-85.05092050724156,41.03119595808684],[-85.05086676086347,41.03031557467469],[-85.05034465319143,41.03031557467469],[-85.05032929708327,41.03015918954736],[-85.04903170595692,41.03019394183025],[-85.04902402790334,41.03035611890627],[-85.04768036845304,41.03037928702682],[-85.04771108066885,41.03126546153902],[-85.05092050724156,41.03119595808684]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-85.05604344197948,41.03655307087942],[-85.0560098143602,41.03566528966178],[-85.05278156290082,41.035746458727715],[-85.05282191604446,41.03665960382037],[-85.05604344197948,41.03655307087942]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-85.05604344197948,41.02870981707909,-85.04167011585551,41.03665960382037],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-04-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"First signs of development/land clearing"},{"date":"2024-09-13","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Roof complete on Building 1 (the 'H'), although we suspect this building is not for AI compute due to the construction speed, irregular design, and lack of external cooling."},{"date":"2025-06-10","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"After a long quiet period they've laid foundations for Building 2 and the substation."},{"date":"2025-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 2 looks externally complete"},{"date":"2026-03-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"The cooling towers for Buildings 2 and 3 are both a little less than half done and the buildings still look like active construction sites."},{"date":"2026-08-19","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 2 has all cooling towers installed and is likely undergoing fit-out and commissioning. So we give it about 3 more months until it's operational. Building 3 appears to be slightly further than Building 2 was in March, so we estimate a 4-month lag."},{"date":"2026-12-01","compute":383021.72814552806,"power":173,"facilityPower":207,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Estimated operational date of Building 2."},{"date":"2027-03-31","compute":823648.3072258716,"power":345,"facilityPower":414,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Estimated operational date of Building 3. Based on Building 3 construction looking about 4 months behind Building 2."},{"date":"2027-08-28","compute":1399696.8165740273,"power":518,"facilityPower":621,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Estimated operational date of Building 4. Based on Building 4 construction looking about 10 months behind Building 2."},{"date":"2028-01-25","compute":2066700.353713997,"power":690,"facilityPower":828,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Estimated operational date of Building 5. Based on previous buildings being separated by about 5 months."},{"date":"2028-06-23","compute":2940879.231935321,"power":863,"facilityPower":1035,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Estimated operational date of Building 6. Based on previous buildings being separated by about 5 months."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Google","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-bowling-green","name":"Meta Bowling Green","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Bowling Green","state":"Ohio","address":"12356 Middleton Pike, Bowling Green, OH 43402","coordinates":[-83.63612900000001,41.467318],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","structural similarity to known buildings","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"Meta letter to Middleton Township","url":"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/12Cz7AlZt4fJfWevNAWTfq8IyLfNHpajz"},{"title":"Construction notice for new transmission lines to data center substation","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YBuaFsslxCAZxlJtSI0rXfNsFqddwaHN/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Ohio Power Siting Board announcement","url":"https://archive.ph/lqgZw"},{"title":"Apollo Power Generation Project Letter of Notice Appendix A, with a project timeline","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1L154XKyiHqRzeZj36zqMRkjdG7QIFL41/view?usp=drive_link"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1DH2kCU99fLYUj28VDjHWoGbx3IahwltzXqcbBEa-pOc/edit?gid=2010365208#gid=2010365208","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-bowling-green","footprintM2":118134,"shapes":[{"points":[[-83.638419,41.468483],[-83.6384,41.467751],[-83.637959,41.467754],[-83.63796,41.467688],[-83.634263,41.46772],[-83.634283,41.468585],[-83.637972,41.468552],[-83.637971,41.468486],[-83.638419,41.468483]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-83.643495,41.467851],[-83.64348,41.466988],[-83.640406,41.467014],[-83.640406,41.467084],[-83.639964,41.467085],[-83.639976,41.467718],[-83.640423,41.467717],[-83.640424,41.467883],[-83.643495,41.467851]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-83.643685,41.462685],[-83.64366,41.46102],[-83.642385,41.461033],[-83.642415,41.4627],[-83.643685,41.462685]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-83.647097,41.464859],[-83.647025,41.461618],[-83.645753,41.461627],[-83.645814,41.464869],[-83.647097,41.464859]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-83.647097,41.46102,-83.634263,41.468585],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-11-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2026-02-14","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Buildings 1 and 2 under construction. Building 1's chillers are almost all in place, while only half of Building 2's are. Optimus substation, which is the substation on site, and the expansion of Dowling Substation, an existing substation to the northeast of the data center, appear complete. "},{"date":"2026-07-30","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Roofs of Buildings 1 and 2 are more than halfway complete. All chillers for both buildings are visible. Construction on Buildings 3 and 4 has begun, with outlines laid. Construction on the [Apollo Power Generation Project](https://archive.ph/lqgZw) (a BTM power plant built just to the east of the data center) is in progress, with foundations poured and generation equipment being set in place."},{"date":"2027-02-01","compute":104469.42900454775,"power":86,"facilityPower":117,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational, based on a 5 month extrapolation from its roof completion date."},{"date":"2027-04-01","compute":197001.0106114199,"power":163,"facilityPower":220,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational, based on construction progress as of Sep 2026 and foundations being laid around 2 months after Building 1."},{"date":"2028-01-01","compute":855159.1712986357,"power":422,"facilityPower":570,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Buildings 3 and 4 are operational, based on their construction starting 11 months after Building 1. We assume they are powered by the 350 MW Apollo Power Generation Project."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"meta-hyperion","name":"Meta Hyperion","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Holly Ridge","state":"Louisiana","address":"Holly Ridge, LA 71269","coordinates":[-91.63604282176985,32.51058715034607],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Meta Hyperion sits on an enormous tract of land — more than three times the size of New York City’s Central Park — and is set to be Meta’s next flagship AI cluster after Prometheus.","estimationMethods":["regulatory filings","grid operator data","our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Data center profile by Meta","url":"https://datacenters.atmeta.com/richland-parish-data-center/"},{"title":"Entergy's application for generation and transmission resources","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FLY13apaHy4hI8RNVk9n_nlJpwFHtBrB/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"MISO update with 1.8 GW substation plan","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D4eUHwEuirNi0g3IU_xGOti3PcC8fcXi/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"S&P Global ratings research with 2.064 GW campus details","url":"https://www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/regulatory/article/-/view/sourceId/101653176"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cyXcZ_jIsJDjuPKx6_J1scIWeq0-rfM3-2GcSKN4oA0/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-hyperion","footprintM2":462242,"shapes":[{"points":[[-91.63429333460583,32.49149815704061],[-91.63068304751525,32.49148639961474],[-91.63066910818264,32.492826736230825],[-91.6342933346062,32.4928384935085],[-91.63429333460583,32.49149815704061]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.63436301441409,32.48494193018091],[-91.63079454532014,32.48489489704194],[-91.63075272732311,32.48627060619995],[-91.63432119641706,32.4863176386192],[-91.63436301441409,32.48494193018091]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.63432121175856,32.48728890058132],[-91.63073880333242,32.48727714260539],[-91.6307109246676,32.488688088725965],[-91.63430727242634,32.48869984651685],[-91.63432121175856,32.48728890058132]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.63930470183276,32.50034027752304],[-91.63800621811471,32.500157162567234],[-91.63716387382891,32.503487216806434],[-91.63849963253169,32.50371288852928],[-91.63930470183276,32.50034027752304]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.63579506437479,32.50564798600895],[-91.63447890142741,32.5054259915639],[-91.63360145946245,32.508918640642875],[-91.63497026892803,32.50915542549927],[-91.63579506437479,32.50564798600895]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.63884856241248,32.50437521042072],[-91.63426831535571,32.503664816212336],[-91.63398753392728,32.504730405420744],[-91.63862042750121,32.505455590855334],[-91.63884856241248,32.50437521042072]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.63672565883736,32.505774445545626],[-91.63588022451474,32.50930041770249],[-91.63726366249743,32.509520786371425],[-91.6380937252867,32.50598185949289],[-91.63672565883736,32.505774445545626]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.63700144927276,32.499970264632],[-91.63563712480979,32.49974274718981],[-91.63481232936306,32.503058016738365],[-91.63614373345354,32.503285525797324],[-91.63700144927276,32.499970264632]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.63068404272823,32.49402680578105],[-91.63065616406342,32.495449402959906],[-91.63423857248996,32.49547291677351],[-91.63425251182218,32.49403856287424],[-91.63068404272823,32.49402680578105]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-91.63930470183276,32.48489489704194,-91.63065616406342,32.509520786371425],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-12-20","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2025-10-19","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Foundations are underway for the main buildings, and the overall layout aligns with the [architectural renderings](https://engineering.fb.com/2025/09/29/data-infrastructure/metas-infrastructure-evolution-and-the-advent-of-ai/) published in 2025."},{"date":"2026-04-19","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 roof is finished and cooling is at an advanced stage of installation. Building 3 and 6 roof and cooling in progress."},{"date":"2026-12-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"New [power stations](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D4eUHwEuirNi0g3IU_xGOti3PcC8fcXi/view?usp=sharing) are in service for a 1.8 GW load at Holly Ridge. However, the data center is still not operational."},{"date":"2028-01-01","compute":4142944.4163719052,"power":1632,"facilityPower":2203,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":9,"notes":"First phase is operational, based on a [Meta blog post](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PmFNgOwkPepwjpGIbNUuPJP0LNgIqe7l/view?usp=sharing). We assume that this aligns with the three natural gas turbines being completed, for a total of 2262 MW capacity, but that these turbines have a backup role. This is close to the 1800 MW of load requested from the grid. Meta [claims](https://engineering.fb.com/2025/09/29/data-infrastructure/metas-infrastructure-evolution-and-the-advent-of-ai/) that \"The Hyperion cluster will have a 5-gigawatt capacity once complete\", but so far there is no concrete evidence for this happening at the Holly Ridge site alone."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"microsoft-narvik-norway","name":"Microsoft Narvik Norway","owner":"Nscale","ownerConfidence":"likely","users":[{"name":"Microsoft","confidence":"likely"}],"country":"Norway","city":"Bjerkvik","state":"Narvik","address":"","coordinates":[17.596333,68.5762775],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"The data center campus will use local hydropower with electricity costs of 4 to 5 cents per unit versus up to 10 cents in other parts of Europe.","estimationMethods":["chip efficiency","chip availability","third-party reporting","our cooling equipment power model","company disclosures"],"sources":[{"title":"Nscale announcing more than 30.000 Rubin GPUs","url":"https://www.nscale.com/press-releases/nscale-microsoft-norway"},{"title":"NScale announcing 230 initial MW and possibly an additional 290MW, mentioning 100.000 Nvidia GPUs","url":"https://www.nscale.com/blog/stargate-norway-laying-the-foundation-for-the-future-of-ai"},{"title":"Local hydropower facilities will fulfill new demand at 4 to 5 cents per unit for electricity","url":"https://time.com/article/2026/06/03/ai-norway-nscale-data-center/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1S6JIRsMg8BQ6dfX1PUZM4U4zv0CWWyH0nmZ9E_BulbU/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/microsoft-narvik-norway","footprintM2":19844,"shapes":[{"points":[[17.579609,68.575749],[17.577422,68.573853],[17.578477,68.573692],[17.580679,68.575594],[17.579609,68.575749]],"complete":false},{"points":[[17.580675,68.576793],[17.579849,68.575931],[17.580879,68.575814],[17.58175,68.576656],[17.580675,68.576793]],"complete":false},{"points":[[17.590845,68.578885],[17.589124,68.578228],[17.589908,68.577947],[17.591658,68.578598],[17.590845,68.578885]],"complete":false}],"extent":[17.577422,68.573692,17.591658,68.578885],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-07-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing and site prep begins at least as early as July 2023."},{"date":"2025-06-27","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Site prep continues for Buildings 1, 2, and 3."},{"date":"2025-08-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 starts to go up."},{"date":"2026-05-31","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 cooling looks complete. Backup generator install continues adjacent to B1. Building 2 cooling install continues. Ground prep for generators next to B2. Cooling install appears to continue on Building 3. Construction equipment present all around site. We believe no buildings are operational at this time."},{"date":"2026-07-05","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 cooling looks complete. Backup generator install continues adjacent to B1. Building 2 cooling install continues. Backup generator concrete pads are there, but no equipment install visible. Cooling install appears to continue on Building 3. Construction equipment present all around site. We believe no buildings are operational at this time."},{"date":"2026-12-31","compute":265285.4977261243,"power":92,"facilityPower":124,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"We believe Buildings 1 and 2 will be fully operational by the end of H2 2026"}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Nscale","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"openai-stargate-lordstown","name":"OpenAI Stargate Lordstown","owner":"Softbank","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Lordstown","state":"Ohio","address":"2300 Hallock Young Rd, Warren, OH 44481","coordinates":[-80.8812281,41.15311175],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"The Lordstown site centers on a former General Motors — now Foxconn — plant being retooled to manufacture data center equipment like NVIDIA servers.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings"],"sources":[{"title":"Announcement of 5 new Stargate sites mentioning Lordstown","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/openai-announces-five-more-us-stargate-data-centers-with-oracle-and-softbank/"},{"title":"Water Quality Permitting stating that “manufacturing and assembly” is the main purpose of the construction","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VfWvb9unUXZs3u4zwBjZjQwtsu91y8i9/view?usp=drivesdk"},{"title":"Stormwater Permitting","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xl4Ql2jdmKhcYFhn43ymM2TJ56Z8cInL/view?usp=drivesdk"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1uWCFpC5r9GEYqFaEhgB2bDqXOLvizvIUhDEdIg_XC5E/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-lordstown","footprintM2":210254,"shapes":[{"points":[[-80.8824657,41.1557393],[-80.8852943,41.1530771],[-80.8809284,41.1504842],[-80.8771619,41.154142],[-80.8794987,41.1555542],[-80.8804672,41.1545819],[-80.8824657,41.1557393]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-80.8852943,41.1504842,-80.8771619,41.1557393],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-10-12","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins in the front of the site (the side facing the Ohio Turnpike), clearing away a parking lot and solar array"},{"date":"2026-02-27","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Still no visible construction, although construction within preexisting facilities"},{"date":"2026-07-30","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Active construction visible on and around the datacenter, with the roofing mostly in place. This is based on satellite imagery. No buildings operational yet."},{"date":"2027-03-01","compute":545730.1667508843,"power":214,"facilityPower":300,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Projected operational date. OpenAI [stated](https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/) Lordstown and Milam County could scale to 1.5 GW within 18 months of their September 23, 2025 announcement; subtracting Milam County's subsequently disclosed 1.2 GW capacity implies ~300 MW for Lordstown."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Softbank","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"openai-stargate-michigan","name":"OpenAI Stargate Michigan","owner":"Oracle","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Benton","state":"Michigan","address":"","coordinates":[-83.8841725,42.1212265],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Related Digital website for this site ","url":"https://www.related-digital.com/michigan"},{"title":"Michigan Public Service Commission Energy Contract Approval, reports 1,383 MW as the site capacity","url":"https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/news-releases/2025/12/18/mpsc-approves-dte-electric-energy-contracts-for-data-center"},{"title":"Air Permitting, calls the site Project Mitten, includes site map","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/16ZucHKYmld7dLApSXNtbknOyagSn5E-r/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"DTE Electric’s contract approval ","url":"https://mi-psc.my.site.com/sfc/servlet.shepherd/version/download/068cs00001MH71XAAT"},{"title":"Website with more details for locals about the site","url":"https://www.thesalinebarn.com/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1uqn1l4aQCjT8E7JUmLsT6CrE3PtjajDL19Sj6xw2qg8/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-michigan","footprintM2":117200,"shapes":[{"points":[[-83.889893,42.12265],[-83.889885,42.120547],[-83.890196,42.120523],[-83.89018,42.120085],[-83.889909,42.120079],[-83.889861,42.118083],[-83.888631,42.118083],[-83.888663,42.120073],[-83.888423,42.120067],[-83.888416,42.120559],[-83.888647,42.120553],[-83.888663,42.122644],[-83.889893,42.12265]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-83.878178,42.124178],[-83.880942,42.124099],[-83.880919,42.12437],[-83.881534,42.124356],[-83.88154,42.124135],[-83.88436,42.124154],[-83.884383,42.123068],[-83.88152,42.123068],[-83.881509,42.122924],[-83.880888,42.122951],[-83.880888,42.123094],[-83.878149,42.123057],[-83.878178,42.124178]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-83.890196,42.118083,-83.878149,42.12437],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-12-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for the entire site "},{"date":"2026-01-20","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing continues for all buildings (1-3)"},{"date":"2026-03-12","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Groundwork is visible for Building 1, at the left end of the site."},{"date":"2028-12-31","compute":2880242.5467407783,"power":988,"facilityPower":1383,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Buildings 1-3 operational. Based on when maximum power load will be provided by DTE energy (Dec 2027), which can be extended by a year. [Source, page 3](https://mi-psc.my.site.com/sfc/servlet.shepherd/version/download/068cs00001MH71XAAT)"}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Oracle","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"openai-stargate-milam","name":"OpenAI Stargate Milam","owner":"Softbank","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Burlington","state":"Texas","address":"","coordinates":[-97.0103365,30.996308],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Data Center Dynamics article on the site","url":"https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/softbanks-sb-energy-to-build-and-operate-openais-12gw-stargate-data-center-in-milam-county-texas/"},{"title":"SB Energy article, source for 1.2 GW capacity ","url":"https://sbenergy.com/openai-and-softbank-group-partner-with-sb-energy/"},{"title":"TDLR page for the first building of the site, indicating construction completion date","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026017746"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Ngd8mud1gHPmwamHYb7VhfYMZLiS9hfjMlHxdsu6d28/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-milam","footprintM2":25898,"shapes":[{"points":[[-97.012092,30.996701],[-97.012105,30.996014],[-97.0121,30.99601],[-97.008598,30.995915],[-97.008568,30.99661],[-97.012092,30.996701]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-97.012105,30.995915,-97.008568,30.996701],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-09-27","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for the site"},{"date":"2026-01-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Small sections of building foundation construction begins, and land clearing appears to be mostly finished"},{"date":"2026-03-23","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Steel framing and roofing is underway for Building 1."},{"date":"2028-12-31","compute":2496210.207175341,"power":857,"facilityPower":1200,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":null,"notes":"All buildings finished, site is fully operational. Our reasoning is that examples so far take a median of 2-2.5 years to go from land clearing to 1 GW. This suggests around 2028-01-01 here. However, due to delays being more likely than speedups and the fact that this base rate data is still unproven, the more conservative estimate is made. The current state of the site also supports this estimation. "}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Softbank","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"openai-stargate-new-mexico","name":"OpenAI Stargate New Mexico","owner":"Oracle","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Santa Teresa","state":"New Mexico","address":"","coordinates":[-106.68427010788022,31.820319039816873],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Also known as Project Jupiter, the New Mexico campus will be powered by up to 2.45 GW of Bloom solid-oxide fuel cells, one of the world's largest fuel-cell microgrids.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Project Jupiter Website","url":"https://projectjupitertogether.com/"},{"title":"Stormwater Permitting","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vVKvPogq2TkeFn7ibnp0GNqz8aB4tZXz/view?usp=sharing"},{"title":"Oracle, BorderPlex and Bloom Energy to power Project Jupiter with fuel cell technology (Apr 27, 2026)","url":"https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/oracle-borderplex-and-bloom-energy-to-power-project-jupiter-with-fuel-cell-technology-2026-04-27/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Dd2oXxg3tdBebaWOW-qSj1U1-HZ9zM9LkXseTayWhBM/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-new-mexico","footprintM2":0,"shapes":[],"extent":null,"timeline":[{"date":"2025-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction and land clearing begins"},{"date":"2026-02-06","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing continues, foundation construction begins 2 of the main buildings (Building B & D). Construction also beginning on modular chiller plants."},{"date":"2026-06-22","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":0,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction has advanced significantly since February 2026. We observe extensive earthworks and multiple graded building pads across the campus, with structural work underway on the main data center buildings. A large solar array and water storage basins are visible on site, and two cleared areas on the western side of the campus, likely for on-site power generation. No buildings appear operational yet (no completed roofs or signs of active cooling), consistent with the projected 2028 completion."},{"date":"2028-12-31","compute":5103587.670540676,"power":1750,"facilityPower":2450,"waterMGD":0.02,"buildings":4,"notes":"Estimated construction completion date of the site. Stormwater permitting says 2027-12-31 for stormwater construction to finish, but for a more conservative estimate and based on the current state of the site, we pushed the final date by a year beyond it. [Source, page 2](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vVKvPogq2TkeFn7ibnp0GNqz8aB4tZXz/view?usp=sharing)"}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Oracle","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"openai-stargate-shackelford","name":"OpenAI Stargate Shackelford","owner":"Oracle","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Abilene","state":"Texas","address":"175 Private Road 1604, Abilene, TX 79601, Shackelford County","coordinates":[-99.54831401469934,32.5437645],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Just 20 km from the original Abilene site, Shackelford is the second U.S. Stargate location, developed by Vantage under the name \"Frontier.\"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Vantage data center page with power capacity, number of buildings, and first building timeline","url":"https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/shackelford-county-tx"},{"title":"OpenAI Stargate expansion announcement mentioning Shackelford site","url":"https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/"},{"title":"Vantage LinkedIn post connecting the data center to OpenAI Stargate","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260226203340/https://www.linkedin.com/posts/vantage-data-centers_ai-digitalinfrastructure-stargate-activity-7405254667062124544-FOcd/?rcm=ACoAAAmuuF4BvsgagH4Z8-Z8-0LaBPPY6467cAs"},{"title":"TDLR filing for first building (other buildings are also on TDLR)","url":"https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026024094"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MzNM0bbxwhChbKF-x1RT3ilZ0r8pU_ZPi9r5-w0z4A4/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-shackelford","footprintM2":476393,"shapes":[{"points":[[-99.54367411429585,32.54015098757556],[-99.54345456510697,32.5415316976143],[-99.54746353329983,32.541953679827074],[-99.5476962554404,32.54058408121338],[-99.54367411429585,32.54015098757556]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.54343607066545,32.54013439659357],[-99.54010300802244,32.53978316823401],[-99.53988290011223,32.541154939125605],[-99.5432395457457,32.54150616211909],[-99.54343607066545,32.54013439659357]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.54792201613475,32.540574586223954],[-99.5477108838431,32.54197973409387],[-99.55101121492828,32.54233570139674],[-99.55121123499451,32.540893088334926],[-99.54792201613475,32.540574586223954]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.55137584220469,32.540910294729855],[-99.55116545866136,32.54235386971294],[-99.55473708625692,32.54270032425546],[-99.55494746980025,32.541244381290255],[-99.55137584220469,32.540910294729855]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.5551037782073,32.5412507023141],[-99.55486081362821,32.542710034432346],[-99.55847491174049,32.543051395242045],[-99.55866725869888,32.54159206867756],[-99.5551037782073,32.5412507023141]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.5458466,32.5466948],[-99.5460122,32.5456222],[-99.5433396,32.5453621],[-99.5433471,32.5452351],[-99.5425491,32.545159],[-99.542406,32.5464346],[-99.5430836,32.5465107],[-99.5431062,32.5464028],[-99.5458466,32.5466948]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.54199,32.5462463],[-99.5421511,32.5452182],[-99.5390906,32.5448755],[-99.5389371,32.5458907],[-99.54199,32.5462463]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.549332,32.5473083],[-99.5495036,32.5459188],[-99.5463816,32.5455666],[-99.5461422,32.5469738],[-99.549332,32.5473083]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.5531432,32.5476186],[-99.5533645,32.5463546],[-99.5498983,32.5459505],[-99.5497016,32.5472663],[-99.5531432,32.5476186]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-99.5566954,32.5479709],[-99.5568921,32.5467794],[-99.5537332,32.5463857],[-99.5535488,32.5476393],[-99.5566954,32.5479709]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-99.55866725869888,32.53978316823401,-99.5389371,32.5479709],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-08-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins."},{"date":"2026-01-18","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"The layout of Buildings 1-5 is visible. Steel framing has just started on Building 1."},{"date":"2026-04-14","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Steel framing is underway for Buildings 1-3, and roofing is underway for Building 1."},{"date":"2026-09-04","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Buildings 1-5 shells complete and fully roofed. Buildings 1-3 appear to be actively installing cooling and backup generators nearby. The pads for Buildings 6-10 to the north have also been visibly cleared, with foundations for Buildings 6 and 7 underway."},{"date":"2027-08-15","compute":355229.9140980293,"power":140,"facilityPower":196,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":1,"notes":"Building 1 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 1 as 2027-02-15. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2027-10-19","compute":712481.0510358767,"power":280,"facilityPower":392,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 2 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 2 as 2027-04-19. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2027-11-18","compute":1066195.0480040424,"power":420,"facilityPower":588,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Building 3 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 3 as 2027-05-18. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2028-02-11","compute":1419909.044972208,"power":560,"facilityPower":784,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 4 as 2027-08-11. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2028-03-08","compute":1778676.0990399192,"power":700,"facilityPower":980,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":5,"notes":"Building 5 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 5 as 2027-09-08. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2028-04-04","compute":2334512.379989894,"power":840,"facilityPower":1176,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":6,"notes":"Building 6 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 6 as 2027-10-04. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2028-05-12","compute":2890348.6609398685,"power":980,"facilityPower":1372,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Building 7 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 7 as 2027-11-12. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2028-10-17","compute":3451237.998989389,"power":1120,"facilityPower":1568,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":8,"notes":"Building 8 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 8 as 2028-04-17. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2028-10-18","compute":4007074.2799393632,"power":1260,"facilityPower":1764,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":9,"notes":"Building 9 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 9 as 2028-04-18. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."},{"date":"2028-11-11","compute":4562910.560889338,"power":1400,"facilityPower":1960,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":10,"notes":"Building 10 is operational (estimate). TDLR lists the construction completion date for Building 10 as 2028-05-11. We add 6 months for commissioning, installation etc. before assuming the building is fully operational."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Oracle","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"openai-stargate-uae","name":"OpenAI Stargate UAE","owner":"G42","ownerConfidence":"likely","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United Arab Emirates","city":"Abu Dhabi","state":"Abu Dhabi","address":"Nexus L&T Project Office, Al Bihouth, Al Dhafrah, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","coordinates":[54.44278190296632,24.15028707403608],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"Stargate UAE is the first Stargate cluster outside the U.S.; reported export agreements suggest G42 and/or Oracle can acquire 100,000 state-of-the-art NVIDIA chips per year.","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","chip availability"],"sources":[{"title":"News update with timelapse of construction","url":"https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/stargate-uae-phase-1-in-two-years"},{"title":"Announcement of the (separate) 100 MW Khazna Ajman data center","url":"https://khaznadatacenters.com/press-release/khazna-announces-the-uaes-first-ai-optimized-data-center-and-the-largest-in-its-portfolio-powering-the-nations-drive-toward-ai-leadership/"},{"title":"News about the US approval of NVIDIA chips in the UAE","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-10-09/us-approves-several-billion-dollars-of-nvidia-nvda-ai-chip-sales-to-uae"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11es1WqQ3StAuMjFOYQ1wzq6YpwQCb-Uz996EvZpnsAs/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-uae","footprintM2":73139,"shapes":[{"points":[[54.44089800792264,24.15071199545926],[54.44454755655502,24.150801256075894],[54.444549157047334,24.151008263194328],[54.444648521055626,24.151006428242823],[54.44463984546036,24.15137154687328],[54.4445032509297,24.151369409492773],[54.44449660728995,24.151555269489464],[54.44454175880267,24.151556331315234],[54.44453943142568,24.151681917376848],[54.44088505913456,24.151588754497865],[54.44089800792264,24.15071199545926]],"complete":false},{"points":[[54.44093998595014,24.149765532177213],[54.440943046215125,24.14889223069531],[54.44458133118036,24.14898926457205],[54.44457943324028,24.149179142009558],[54.44467871640995,24.14918058001338],[54.444678746798076,24.149549182326894],[54.44454452801017,24.14954845127272],[54.44453565148737,24.149740937066227],[54.44459120662245,24.149742179398814],[54.444586941177704,24.14987451175564],[54.44093998595014,24.149765532177213]],"complete":false}],"extent":[54.44088505913456,24.14889223069531,54.444678746798076,24.151681917376848],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-06-09","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1 and 2"},{"date":"2025-11-16","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 are partly constructed. No clear evidence of more buildings starting construction."},{"date":"2026-12-01","compute":252652.85497726125,"power":200,"facilityPower":280,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"Building 1 and 2 are operational. The similar data center in Ajman, UAE was delayed by over a year, now due in December 2026 (compare [1](https://khaznadatacenters.com/press-release/khazna-expands-infrastructure-to-accelerate-uaes-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/), [2](https://khaznadatacenters.com/press-release/khazna-announces-the-uaes-first-ai-optimized-data-center-and-the-largest-in-its-portfolio-powering-the-nations-drive-toward-ai-leadership/)). The buildings here looked 3-6 months behind the Ajman building as of November 2025, but they were moving faster. So we think Building 1 and 2 are on track for 200 MW by December 2026, along with the Ajman building."},{"date":"2028-01-01","compute":2021222.83981809,"power":1000,"facilityPower":1400,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":10,"notes":"1 GW of IT power is operational. We haven’t seen expansion beyond 200 MW as of November 2025. Optimistically, 8 more 100 MW buildings start construction in December 2025, in parallel, and take 1.5 years like the first two buildings, hitting 1 GW by Q3 2027. More realistically, there's some staggering of construction over several months, like Stargate Abilene. Our median estimate is January 2028."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"G42","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"openai-stargate-wisconsin","name":"OpenAI Stargate Wisconsin","owner":"Oracle","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"OpenAI","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Port Washington","state":"Wisconsin","address":"","coordinates":[-87.85603566454043,43.43040510723768],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"","estimationMethods":["company disclosures","regulatory filings","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"Data center page on Vantage website","url":"https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/port-washington-wisconsin"},{"title":"Environmental Analysis Summary","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ft2ZzqAYZtsTqMwyML4eo_EFYuclVxE6/view?usp=sharing"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1fjTxXhhaiFa7x1YBAAa7d2CcUrnSLGNJYOTd6o3xd04/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-wisconsin","footprintM2":205286,"shapes":[{"points":[[-87.8528258,43.4311622],[-87.8567589,43.426932],[-87.8553981,43.4262088],[-87.8513323,43.4304632],[-87.8528258,43.4311622]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-87.8576167089302,43.43460141447537],[-87.8576167089302,43.43337408998272],[-87.85201665679568,43.43337408998272],[-87.85201665679568,43.43460141447537],[-87.8576167089302,43.43460141447537]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-87.86073902908086,43.43317501129556],[-87.86073902908086,43.429030659301475],[-87.85904037274936,43.429030659301475],[-87.85904037274936,43.43317501129556],[-87.86073902908086,43.43317501129556]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-87.86073902908086,43.4262088,-87.8513323,43.43460141447537],"timeline":[{"date":"2026-01-02","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Ground broken for the facility, land clearing begins for all buildings"},{"date":"2026-02-14","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing continues, foundation construction clearly begins for eastern and northern buildings (Building 1-2)"},{"date":"2026-07-24","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Construction continues, Buildings 1 and 2 appear roughly halfway roofed, and building 3 foundation is halfway done."},{"date":"2028-12-31","compute":2627589.691763517,"power":902,"facilityPower":1300,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":4,"notes":"Building 4 and supporting facilities/buildings operational, whole facility now operational. Based on the [environmental analysis (page 6)](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ft2ZzqAYZtsTqMwyML4eo_EFYuclVxE6/view?usp=sharing) filed for the site."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Oracle","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"qts-cedar-rapids","name":"QTS Cedar Rapids","owner":"","ownerConfidence":"unknown","users":[],"country":"United States","city":"Cedar Rapids","state":"Iowa","address":"6200 76th Ave SW, Fairfax, IA 52228","coordinates":[-91.74292979513083,41.90967674988205],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"The estimated Phase 1 power matches a 616 MW load request filed by a QTS shell company, though the full two-phase plan would need more than double that.","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","chip availability","grid operator data"],"sources":[{"title":"MISO new load announcements","url":"https://cdn.misoenergy.org/NEW%20LOAD%20ANNOUNCEMENTS%20IN%20MISO%20REGIONS%2012062024684954.pdf"},{"title":"Article by The Gazette","url":"https://www.thegazette.com/business/fast-start-to-cedar-rapids-data-center-projects/"},{"title":"Article by Corridor Business Journal ","url":"https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/"},{"title":"Post by GLD Commercial ","url":"https://www.gldcommercial.com/google-and-qts-data/"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zXqoogyqGbmgvdu4vSTepZG3Cy8kMoJjp0n3KaZPkd4/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/qts-cedar-rapids","footprintM2":650427,"shapes":[{"points":[[-91.75198770695935,41.912579306527135],[-91.75759633038018,41.91262580937797],[-91.75761030109074,41.91188923448621],[-91.7520005534274,41.911837547072935],[-91.75198770695935,41.912579306527135]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.7502064583672,41.90923391515267],[-91.75016055545788,41.91069661564066],[-91.75835030846319,41.91077464793926],[-91.75841349638853,41.909301652105825],[-91.7502064583672,41.90923391515267]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.75021370599177,41.90797546048972],[-91.75843806112317,41.90804629807516],[-91.75845017857397,41.906577671574695],[-91.75023347767127,41.90650611691689],[-91.75021370599177,41.90797546048972]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.73923517202827,41.90642614842977],[-91.73729622184457,41.90643652999583],[-91.73732275437607,41.91254548788268],[-91.73930672246796,41.9125307606968],[-91.73923517202827,41.90642614842977]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.73553032191482,41.90644520194269],[-91.7335988075405,41.90644948009498],[-91.73362522927607,41.91255813906534],[-91.73558493310104,41.912554493207296],[-91.73553032191482,41.90644520194269]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.7318357390608,41.90647309867899],[-91.7298707564069,41.90648581529521],[-91.72991343000993,41.912599064001654],[-91.73189628649297,41.91259473045784],[-91.7318357390608,41.90647309867899]],"complete":false},{"points":[[-91.72840286728686,41.90644973845184],[-91.72740941168769,41.90646401192123],[-91.72743196067525,41.91260013875396],[-91.72849788634625,41.91260013875396],[-91.72840286728686,41.90644973845184]],"complete":false}],"extent":[-91.75845017857397,41.90642614842977,-91.72740941168769,41.91262580937797],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-01-17","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Land clearing begins for Building 1-3."},{"date":"2025-10-27","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 roof complete, with air-cooled chillers in place. Building 2 and 3 roofs are partly completed. Building 4 and 5 have a foundation."},{"date":"2026-04-16","compute":null,"power":null,"facilityPower":null,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":null,"notes":"Based on satellite imagery, the Buildings 1-3 shells look complete. Buildings 4-6 are far along, with roofs largely in place, while the eastern Building 7 foundation is well underway. No buildings operational yet."},{"date":"2026-05-07","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Similar to April, Buildings 1-3 shells look complete. Buildings 4-6 are still far along, and the eastern Building 7 foundation is still underway. "},{"date":"2026-11-15","compute":1136975.5639961243,"power":448,"facilityPower":627,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"Buildings 1-3 are operational. Based on the expected completion date reported by [local news](https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/): “A QTS spokesperson said in July [2025] that the first phase of the project was expected to be completed in late 2026.\""},{"date":"2027-11-15","compute":3668823.12124194,"power":1133,"facilityPower":1587,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":7,"notes":"Buildings 4-7 are operational. Based on the expected completion date reported by [local news](https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/): “A QTS spokesperson said in July [2025] that [...] The second phase is expected to be completed in late 2027.\""}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"qts-eagle-mountain","name":"QTS Eagle Mountain","owner":"Meta","ownerConfidence":"speculative","users":[{"name":"Meta","confidence":"speculative"}],"country":"United States","city":"Eagle Mountain","state":"Utah","address":"652 E Hyperscale Way, Eagle Mountain, UT 84013","coordinates":[-112.028617,40.2649585],"operating":false,"compute":0,"power":0,"cost":0,"chipTypes":[],"description":"","estimationMethods":["our cooling equipment power model","regulatory filings","chip availability","chip efficiency"],"sources":[{"title":"QTS Eagle Mountain website","url":"https://q.com/data-centers/eagle-mountain/"},{"title":"DEQ Approval listing emergency generators","url":"https://daqpermitting.utah.gov/DocViewer?IntDocID=155764&contentType=application/pdf"}],"calculations":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1pWiTKivojS1IY4tiv0aHM06FugKbLA2qjLJ-5DFoRF4/edit?usp=sharing","sourceUrl":"https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/qts-eagle-mountain","footprintM2":99259,"shapes":[{"points":[[-112.029976,40.268134],[-112.029958,40.262703],[-112.028989,40.262704],[-112.029013,40.268135],[-112.029976,40.268134]],"complete":true},{"points":[[-112.031954,40.26813],[-112.03194,40.262696],[-112.030973,40.262701],[-112.030988,40.268132],[-112.031954,40.26813]],"complete":true}],"extent":[-112.031954,40.262696,-112.028989,40.268135],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-10-01","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"First signs of site preparation show up on satellite imagery."},{"date":"2025-09-08","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Site preparation continues. Outline of a first building that is not the data center of interest Buildings 1 or 2 is visible. "},{"date":"2026-05-02","compute":0,"power":0,"facilityPower":0,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":0,"notes":"Building 1 roof finished. Satellite imagery shows construction vehicles and concrete pads with no air cooled chiller units indicating Buildings 1 and 2 cooling install continues. On the other side of each building, emergency generator install continues as well."},{"date":"2026-12-31","compute":231311.26831733197,"power":203,"facilityPower":274,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":2,"notes":"We estimate Buildings 1 and 2 will be fully operational by the end of 2026 because there are at least seven months since cooling and emergency generators have started to be installed. This estimate is also in line with similar QTS data center campus construction timelines. "},{"date":"2027-07-01","compute":346968.16574027285,"power":304,"facilityPower":411,"waterMGD":null,"buildings":3,"notes":"We estimate Building 3 will be fully operational by H2 2027 following a similar time line to Buildings 1 and 2 of 14 months from land clearing to operational."}],"chipRecords":[],"sourceOwner":"Meta","provenance":"Epoch AI","locationNote":"","capacityNote":"","expansionNote":"","clusters":[]},{"id":"tesla-cortex-texas","name":"Tesla Cortex · Gigafactory Texas","owner":"Tesla","ownerConfidence":"confident","users":[{"name":"Tesla","confidence":"confident"}],"country":"United States","city":"Austin","state":"Texas","address":"Gigafactory Texas, Austin, Texas","coordinates":[-97.62,30.22],"operating":true,"compute":null,"power":null,"cost":null,"chipTypes":["NVIDIA GPUs; current per-cluster mix not disclosed"],"description":"Training AI for the physical world: vehicle autonomy and humanoid robots. The campus contains two separately reported clusters, Cortex 1 and Cortex 2.","estimationMethods":["Tesla investor disclosures; no conversion to Epoch capacity units"],"sources":[{"title":"Tesla Q2 2026 update · latest cluster status and MW disclosures","url":"https://ir.tesla.com/_flysystem/s3/sec/000162828026049213/tsla-20260722-gen.pdf"},{"title":"Tesla Q1 2026 update · Cortex 2 online and H100e disclosures","url":"https://ir.tesla.com/_flysystem/s3/sec/000162828026026551/tsla-20260422-gen.pdf"},{"title":"Tesla Q4 2025 update · Cortex 2 construction","url":"https://ir.tesla.com/_flysystem/s3/sec/000162828026003837/tsla-20260128-gen.pdf"},{"title":"Tesla · Gigafactory Texas location","url":"https://www.tesla.com/giga-texas"},{"title":"Tesla Q2 2025 update · historical NVIDIA H200 expansion at Gigafactory Texas","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000162828025035738/exhibit991.htm"}],"calculations":"","sourceUrl":"https://ir.tesla.com/_flysystem/s3/sec/000162828026049213/tsla-20260722-gen.pdf","footprintM2":0,"shapes":[],"extent":null,"timeline":[],"chipRecords":[],"provenance":"Superpower Daily editorial supplement","sourceOwner":"Tesla","locationNote":"Approximate campus reference point; individual clusters are not separately geolocated. No roof outlines are supplied.","capacityNote":"Comparable operating H100-equivalents and IT power are not established. Tesla’s installed-capacity disclosures are presented in its own units and excluded from Epoch-based totals and rankings. 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