AI Model Economics Index

Superpower Daily

Research report 01 / Price and capability

AI Model Economics Index

Observed model prices, context windows, licenses, and release economics from verified launch records.

Archived snapshotv83Nov 6, 2026

View latest dataset

Priced models: 69
251 verified launches
Median input: $0.75
Per million tokens
Median output: $3.60
Per million tokens
Largest context: 11M
Disclosed tokens

Data status69 verified observations

Each dot is one verified observation. Horizontal position is input price / 1m tokens; vertical position is output price / 1m tokens.

Verified observationHover or focus any mark for exact valuesLast updated Nov 6, 2026

Version ledger

Frozen public editions

Each edition preserves the records, method, sources, and downloads available at publication time.

Coverage note

Coverage reflects verified model-launch records with publicly disclosed fields. Provider discounts, caching, batch pricing, and negotiated enterprise rates may differ.

Dataset ID: spd:model-economics
Stable URL: /research/model-economics
Version: v83
Coverage: 2024-10-07/2026-11-05
Records: 251
Fields: 7
Updated: Nov 6, 2026

Read the data

The records behind the figure

CSV JSON

AI Model Economics Index data records
Release date	Model	Developer	Input / 1M	Output / 1M	Context	License
2024-10-07	Inflection 3.0	Inflection AI	—	—	—	—
2025-08-22	GPT-4b micro	OpenAI	—	—	64000	—
2025-12-11	GPT-5.2	OpenAI	—	—	262144	—
2025-12-16	GPT Image 1.5	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-04-07	Claude Mythos Preview	Anthropic	25.000000	125.000000	1000000	—
2026-04-28	Laguna XS.2	Poolside	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-06-09	Claude Fable 5	Anthropic	10.000000	50.000000	—	—
2026-06-30	Claude Sonnet 5	Anthropic	2.000000	10.000000	—	—
2026-07-02	Laguna XS 2.1	Poolside	0.100000	0.200000	256000	OpenMDW-1.1
2026-07-08	GPT-Live	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-07-09	GPT-5.6 (Sol, Terra, Luna)	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-07-16	Kimi K3	Moonshot	—	—	1000000	License requires companies operating a model-as-a-service business with > $20M total annual revenue (over 12 months) to enter a separate agreement with Moonshot before commercial use.
2026-07-24	Claude Opus 5	Anthropic	—	—	—	—
2026-07-31	MiniMax H3	MiniMax	—	—	—	MiniMax H3 Community License Agreement
2026-08-01	abliterated-model-large-v2	Abliteration.ai	5.000000	5.000000	—	—
2026-08-10	Muse Glimmer	Meta	—	—	131072	Apache 2.0
2026-08-10	Muse Glimmer	Meta Platforms	—	—	—	—
2026-08-11	Nemotron 3.5 Lightning	Nvidia	—	—	1000000	OpenMDW-1.1
2026-08-12	Qwen3.8-27B-CRACK-GGUF	Jinho Jang (dealign.ai)	—	—	262000	—
2026-08-12	Qwen3.8-2.4T-A95B	Alibaba Cloud Qwen team	—	—	262144	—
2026-08-13	GLM-5.3	Z.ai	1.400000	440.000000	1000000	—
2026-08-13	Gemini 3.7 Flash	Google	0.750000	3.750000	—	—
2026-08-16	GLM-5.3	Zhipu (Z.ai)	—	—	—	—
2026-08-18	GPT-5.6 Sol	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-08-19	Ornith-1.5	Ornith AI	—	—	—	—
2026-08-21	deepseek-v4-flash-vision-exp	DeepSeek	0.220000	0.660000	—	—
2026-08-21	Falcon 2	Murf AI	—	—	—	—
2026-08-21	V4-Flash-Vision-Exp	DeepSeek	—	—	—	—
2026-08-24	Thomson-1.0-Large	Thomson Reuters	—	—	—	—
2026-08-24	Thomson	Thomson Reuters	—	—	—	Non-commercial license for the planned smaller open-weight version
2026-08-24	HiDream-O1-World	HiDream.ai	—	—	—	—
2026-08-24	GEN-1.5	Generalist AI	—	—	—	—
2026-08-26	Qwen3.8-Flash-Next	Alibaba Qwen team	0.160000	0.470000	262144	—
2026-08-26	Qwen3.8-Flash	Alibaba Qwen	0.160000	0.470000	1000000	—
2026-08-26	Grok 4.6	xAI	2.000000	6.000000	500000	—
2026-08-26	Qwen3.8-Flash	Alibaba	1.000000	3.000000	262144	—
2026-08-26	Granite 4.2	IBM	—	—	512000	Apache 2.0
2026-08-27	leiolai-1	Leiolai	0.010000	0.020000	11000000	—
2026-08-27	GLM-5.3-Flash	Z.ai	0.150000	0.500000	1000000	MIT
2026-08-27	GLM-5.3-Flash	Zhipu AI	0.150000	0.500000	1000000	MIT
2026-08-27	Gemini 3.5 Transcribe	Google	—	—	—	—
2026-08-28	ABot-Recon	AMAP CV Lab	—	—	—	Apache 2.0 for source code; CC BY-NC 4.0 for model weights
2026-08-28	Sahara v2.5	Intron	—	—	—	—
2026-08-31	GigaPath-Flash and GigaTIME-Flash	Microsoft Research	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-08-31	Isaac 0.5	Perceptron AI	—	—	—	—
2026-08-31	S1	Skild AI	—	—	—	—
2026-09-01	Claude Fable 5.1 and Claude Mythos 5.1	Anthropic	10.000000	50.000000	1000000	—
2026-09-01	Muse Voice Transcribe	Meta Superintelligence Labs	—	—	—	—
2026-09-01	Orbis 1.0	Visko	—	—	—	—
2026-09-01	Claude Mythos 5.1	Anthropic	10.000000	50.000000	—	—
2026-09-01	Solaris	Runway	—	—	—	—
2026-09-01	MAPL-EMIT	Google Research	—	—	—	—
2026-09-02	Muse Spark 1.3	Meta	1.250000	4.250000	—	—
2026-09-02	Gemini 3.8 Flash; Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber	Google	0.750000	3.750000	1048576	—
2026-09-02	Muse Spark 1.3	Meta AI Research	—	—	—	—
2026-09-02	Gemini 3.8 Flash and Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber	Google	0.750000	3.750000	1000000	—
2026-09-02	Gemini 3.8 Flash	Google	0.750000	3.750000	1000000	—
2026-09-03	WeatherNext 3	Google DeepMind and Google Research	—	—	—	—
2026-09-03	humain-m3	HUMAIN	—	—	—	MiniMax Community License (planned for open-weight release)
2026-09-03	K2 Horizon	Institute of Foundation Models	—	—	—	—
2026-09-06	WeatherNext 3	Google DeepMind	—	—	—	—
2026-09-06	Lyria 3.5	Google	—	—	—	—
2026-09-06	Muse Voice Transcribe	Meta	—	—	—	—
2026-09-07	Qwen-Drive 1.0	Alibaba	—	—	—	—
2026-09-07	Astra	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-09-08	N2.5 agent family	Nex-AGI	—	—	—	—
2026-09-08	OUI-1	Thesys	—	—	—	Google Gemma terms
2026-09-09	V6	Suno	—	—	—	—
2026-09-09	GPT-Image-2.5 Flare and GPT-Image-2.5 Sunburst	OpenAI	8.000000	30.000000	—	—
2026-09-09	Granite PatchTST-FM-r2	IBM	—	—	8192	Apache 2.0 or Linux Foundation OpenMDW 1.0
2026-09-09	Suno v6	Suno	—	—	—	Trained on licensed content from Warner Music Group, BMG, and Believe; model license not specified
2026-09-10	DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash	DeepSeek	0.300000	1.200000	1000000	MIT
2026-09-10	Edge0 35B and Edge0 8B	Edge0	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-09-10	NASA-IBM Lunar Foundation Model	NASA and IBM	—	—	—	Apache-2.0
2026-09-10	Aether	JoyIn	—	—	—	—
2026-09-10	Adaptive Instructed-Retriever	Databricks	—	—	—	—
2026-09-10	GPT-Live-1	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-09-11	GPT-6 Astra	OpenAI	10.000000	50.000000	1050000	Proprietary
2026-09-13	Iris-mini and Iris-pro	AllSpark	—	—	256000	—
2026-09-13	Music v2.5	ElevenLabs	—	—	—	—
2026-09-15	Gemini 3.8 Live and Gemini 3.8 Live Extended Thinking	Google DeepMind	—	—	131072	—
2026-09-15	Gemini 3.8 Live; Gemini 3.8 Live Extended Thinking	Google DeepMind	—	—	—	—
2026-09-15	Gemini 3.8 Live and Gemini 3.8 Live Extended Thinking	Google	3.000000	12.000000	—	—
2026-09-15	Boreal	Creatify Labs	—	—	—	—
2026-09-15	TabPFN-3.5	Prior Labs	—	—	—	Non-commercial open-weight use; commercial production license or API required
2026-09-15	Gemini 3.8 Live	Google DeepMind	—	—	—	—
2026-09-16	Pareto 26.9	unbiased.ai	2.500000	7.500000	262144	—
2026-09-16	Koa	Salesforce	—	—	—	—
2026-09-18	Bonsai 2 27B	PrismML	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-09-18	Grok Voice Transcribe 2.0	xAI	—	—	—	—
2026-09-18	Ternary Bonsai 2 27B	PrismML	—	—	262000	Apache 2.0
2026-09-19	Qwen3.8-Omni-Flash	Qwen	0.150000	0.470000	1000000	—
2026-09-20	Step 5 Preview	StepFun	1.000000	2.700000	1000000	—
2026-09-20	Qwen-Image-2.1	Alibaba Qwen AI team	—	—	—	Research license; commercial use requires a separate license from Qwen
2026-09-21	RetroChimera	Microsoft Research	—	—	—	MIT
2026-09-21	Altar	Aikido	—	—	—	—
2026-09-21	Alice AI Foundation	Yandex	—	—	—	Open license
2026-09-21	Qwen-Image-2.1	Alibaba Qwen	—	—	—	Qwen Research License
2026-09-21	Grok 4.7	SpaceXAI	2.000000	6.000000	500000	—
2026-09-21	Grok 4.7	SpaceX	2.000000	6.000000	—	—
2026-09-22	GPT-6 Sol and GPT-6 Luna	OpenAI	—	—	1050000	—
2026-09-22	MiMo-V2.6-Pro	Xiaomi	0.435000	0.870000	1000000	MIT
2026-09-22	Xing4.0-29B-A4B	China Telecom AI	—	—	256000	—
2026-09-23	Nemotron 3 Diarization	NVIDIA	—	—	—	OpenMDW License 1.1
2026-09-23	Opus 5.5	Anthropic	—	—	—	—
2026-09-23	CLM-8B	Contrastive-LM	—	—	—	Apache-2.0 for the released head, as described in the article
2026-09-23	Gemini 3.8 Flash TTS and Gemini 3.8 Flash-Lite TTS	Google	—	—	—	—
2026-09-24	Gemini 3.8 Flash TTS; Gemini 3.8 Flash-Lite TTS	Google	—	—	—	—
2026-09-24	Ming-3.0-tts-0.5B	InclusionAI	—	—	—	MIT
2026-09-24	Sarvam Vision 2.1	Sarvam	—	—	—	—
2026-09-24	FLUX 3 Action	Black Forest Labs	—	—	—	—
2026-09-24	Bodhi TTS	Navana.ai	—	—	—	—
2026-09-25	CLM-8B	Stanford and Nvidia	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-09-25	Claude Opus 5.5	Anthropic	4.000000	20.000000	1000000	Proprietary
2026-09-25	Gemini 3.8 Live	Google	—	—	—	—
2026-09-26	Julia 1	Supersonic Labs	0.025000	0.000000	—	Apache 2.0
2026-09-26	Span-01	Respan	0.020000	0.000000	—	—
2026-09-27	Naive-N0.5-Flash	NaiveAI	0.600000	2.600000	1000000	MIT
2026-09-28	ElevenLabs v4 and v4 Turbo	ElevenLabs	—	—	—	—
2026-09-28	Eleven v4 and Eleven v4 Turbo	ElevenLabs	—	—	—	—
2026-09-28	Claude Sonnet 5.5	Anthropic	2.000000	10.000000	1000000	Closed weights
2026-09-29	GPT-6.1 Sol	OpenAI	2.000000	10.000000	1050000	—
2026-09-29	JEV-27B	AutoTrust AI	—	—	—	Apache-2.0
2026-09-30	AT0M	Pienomial	—	—	—	—
2026-09-30	Predactiv People Model	Predactiv	—	—	—	—
2026-09-30	Gemini 4 Argon (High)	Google	2.000000	10.000000	1000000	Proprietary
2026-09-30	Embed 5	Cohere	—	—	128000	—
2026-09-30	apex-flash-1	Cantina Security	—	—	—	MIT
2026-09-30	Kumo Tabular	NVIDIA	—	—	—	OpenMDW-1.1
2026-10-01	Ideogram 4.5	Ideogram	—	—	—	—
2026-10-01	GPT-6 Astra Ultrafast	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-01	pplx-embed-v2-context-9b-preview	Perplexity	—	—	—	—
2026-10-01	Strands Decider 2B	Amazon	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-01	Jev	TypeSafe AI	0.042000	0.000000	32000	—
2026-10-02	Ajax	PewDiePie	—	—	—	—
2026-10-02	Clef and Clef-flash	Cloudflare	—	—	64000	Apache-2.0
2026-10-02	AstaBrief 8B	Ai2	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-02	Whistle	Cactus Compute	—	—	—	—
2026-10-03	Strands Decider 2B	Amazon Web Services	—	—	—	—
2026-10-04	NASA-IBM Lunar Foundation Model	NASA and IBM Research	—	—	—	—
2026-10-04	apex-flash-1	Cantina	—	—	—	—
2026-10-05	Kolibri	Aleph Alpha	—	—	1000000	Apache 2.0
2026-10-05	Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-Westernized	Hirundo	—	—	—	—
2026-10-05	interfaze-1-lite	Interfaze	0.850000	1.500000	128000	Apache 2.0
2026-10-05	d1	Liquid AI	0.040000	—	—	—
2026-10-05	FLUX 3 Image	Black Forest Labs	—	—	—	—
2026-10-05	Beam	Reflection AI	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-06	Nano Banana 2.1	Google	—	—	1000000	—
2026-10-06	EmbeddingGemma 2	Google	—	—	8192	Apache 2.0
2026-10-06	Falcon-Emirati-7B	Technology Innovation Institute	—	—	—	—
2026-10-06	EmbeddingGemma 2	Google DeepMind	—	—	8000	Apache 2.0
2026-10-06	Pegasus 1.6	TwelveLabs	3.000000	7.500000	—	—
2026-10-06	PolicyLM-1.7B	Musubi	—	—	—	Apache-2.0
2026-10-07	d1-3B; d1-omni-600M	Liquid AI	—	—	—	LFM 1.0 listed on the model cards; article says the release does not state a license
2026-10-07	MORENA	Vambo AI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-07	Claude Haiku 5.5	Anthropic	0.100000	0.500000	1000000	Proprietary
2026-10-07	d1-3B and d1-omni-600M	Liquid AI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-08	SpliceAI2	Illumina	—	—	—	—
2026-10-08	Physical AI model platform (Drishti, Shruti, Sparsh, Kriya, Prana, Karma, Kavach)	Inner Sky Labs	—	—	—	—
2026-10-09	Drex 1.5	Nace.AI	0.040000	0.000000	131072	RAIL-M
2026-10-09	Microsoft-Decision-1	Microsoft	0.042000	0.000000	32000	—
2026-10-09	HybridAgent-14B-Agentic	TogetherComputer	—	—	—	MIT
2026-10-09	GPT-6	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-12	Muse Wonder	Meta	4.000000	20.000000	—	Closed/proprietary
2026-10-12	Muse Wonder and Muse Wonder Full	Meta	4.000000	20.000000	1000000	Proprietary; weights are not publicly downloadable.
2026-10-12	OrcaCyber Zero 1.5	Continuum AI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-13	Gemini 4 Argon	Google DeepMind	2.000000	10.000000	1000000	—
2026-10-13	Muse Wonder; Muse Wonder Full	Meta	4.000000	20.000000	—	—
2026-10-14	QVAC TranscribePsy	Tether AI Research	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-14	LFM2.5-24B-A2B	Liquid AI	0.100000	1.000000	131072	LFM Open License v1.0
2026-10-14	QVAC TranscribePsy	Tether	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-14	Nemotron 3.5 Super and Nemotron 3.5 Lightning	NVIDIA	—	—	1000000	—
2026-10-14	Drama 3	Fish Audio	—	—	—	Fish Audio Community License v1.0
2026-10-14	Neuron AI	Neura Robotics	—	—	—	—
2026-10-14	Ultramarine 1 Flash	Paper Instruments	—	—	—	—
2026-10-14	Grok Voice 3.0	xAI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-15	Jais 3	Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-15	Timestral	Mistral AI	—	—	—	Modified MIT for weights, with commercial-use restrictions above a monthly revenue threshold; inference code is Apache 2.0.
2026-10-15	Nemotron 3.5 Super VL 120B-A12B	Nvidia	—	—	—	—
2026-10-15	Muse Spark Open	Meta	1.250000	4.250000	1000000	Muse Model License
2026-10-15	Comet 60B	Multiverse Computing	—	—	—	—
2026-10-15	FLUX 3 Image Klein	Black Forest Labs	—	—	—	FLUX Kommunity License
2026-10-15	Matrix-Game 4.0	Skywork AI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-15	Nemotron 3.5 Super VL	NVIDIA	—	—	—	OpenMDW
2026-10-15	d1-ultra	Liquid AI	0.042000	—	—	—
2026-10-15	GPT-Live-1.1	OpenAI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-16	Beam	Reflection	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-16	DeepSeek V4.1 Flash 1017	DeepSeek	0.300000	1.200000	1000000	MIT
2026-10-16	MOSS-Image	OpenMOSS Team	—	—	4096	Apache-2.0
2026-10-16	Muse Spark	Meta	—	—	1000000	—
2026-10-18	MiniMax M3.1 Flash	MiniMax AI	0.150000	0.600000	1000000	MiniMax Community License
2026-10-19	gemma3-27b-cpt-gotoai-v3-instruct	GoTo	—	—	—	—
2026-10-19	V4.1-Flash-1017	DeepSeek	—	—	—	—
2026-10-19	M3.1 Flash	MiniMax	0.150000	0.600000	1000000	—
2026-10-19	FLUX 3 Max	Black Forest Labs and fal	—	—	—	—
2026-10-19	FLUX 3 Max	fal and Black Forest Labs	—	—	—	—
2026-10-20	Phonon	Gradium	—	—	—	Apache 2.0 for Phonon 31m; CC BY-NC for Phonon 40m variants
2026-10-20	Eleven Realtime v1 Max and v1 Mini	ElevenLabs	—	—	—	—
2026-10-21	Bark 3.0	Conway Research	—	—	—	CC-BY 4.0
2026-10-21	RFD4-Proteina	NVIDIA	—	—	—	—
2026-10-21	Kumo Forecast	NVIDIA	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-21	Flint AI	Recursive	—	—	—	Apache 2.0
2026-10-21	mammoth-1 and elephant-1	Base Labs	—	—	—	—
2026-10-21	Kumo Relational	NVIDIA	—	—	—	OpenMDW License Agreement, version 1.1 (weights); Apache 2.0 (code)
2026-10-21	Mercury 3	Inception	0.100000	0.350000	1000000	—
2026-10-22	Flint	Recursive	—	—	512000	Apache 2.0
2026-10-22	Canva Craft	Canva	—	—	—	—
2026-10-22	Chariot-1-ASR Realtime	Chariot	—	—	—	—
2026-10-22	iFlytek Spark X2.6	iFlytek	0.900000	3.600000	1000000	—
2026-10-22	OlmoEarth v1.3	Ai2	—	—	—	OlmoEarth Artifact License
2026-10-23	Craft	Canva	—	—	—	—
2026-10-23	Nemotron 3.5 Bolt E4B 4GB	NVIDIA	—	—	64000	—
2026-10-23	MiniMax-M3.1-Flash	MiniMax	0.150000	0.600000	1000000	MiniMax Community License: free for non-commercial use; commercial use requires attribution and notification, with written authorization required above $20 million in annual revenue.
2026-10-24	Kimi K3.1 Pro	Moonshot AI	2.000000	10.000000	1000000	—
2026-10-25	Dessa	Block	—	—	—	—
2026-10-26	GPT-6.1 Terra	OpenAI	1.000000	5.000000	—	—
2026-10-27	AssemblyAI-TTS-1	AssemblyAI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-27	Calix Communications Language Model	Calix	—	—	—	—
2026-10-27	LFM3	Liquid AI	0.080000	0.200000	256000	—
2026-10-28	Nemotron 3.5 Transcribe	NVIDIA	—	—	65536	OpenMDW-1.1
2026-10-28	Prisma v3.0	Gnani AI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-28	Gemini 4 Carbon	Google DeepMind	2.000000	10.000000	—	—
2026-10-28	Gemini 4 Carbon	Google	4.000000	20.000000	—	—
2026-10-29	Le Chonk	Mistral	—	—	—	—
2026-10-29	Apex-35B-V1.0	Apex Intelligence	—	—	—	—
2026-10-29	Bivia	Articul8	—	—	—	—
2026-10-29	Pika H3 Flex	Pika	—	—	—	—
2026-10-29	joey-1	Base Labs	0.010000	—	16384	MIT
2026-10-29	Large 4	Mistral AI	0.700000	2.100000	1000000	Modified MIT-style license
2026-10-29	Mistral Large 4	Mistral	0.700000	2.100000	—	Modified MIT; commercial cloud services offering the model require a separate license from Mistral.
2026-10-29	TimeH2O-v1	H2O.ai	—	—	—	Non-commercial
2026-10-29	Prism	Rime	—	—	—	—
2026-10-29	Gnani Prisma v3.0	Gnani AI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-30	Mischief	TBC	—	—	—	—
2026-10-30	Fletch	Arrowhead AI	—	—	—	—
2026-10-31	Canva Brush	Canva	—	—	—	—
2026-11-02	LongCat-2.5	Meituan	—	—	1000000	—
2026-11-02	Hydrogen-1.0	Deep Principle	—	—	—	—
2026-11-02	LongCat-2.5	LongCat	—	—	—	—
2026-11-03	VR-1.1	Cogent Security	—	—	—	—
2026-11-03	Sarvam Prism	Sarvam AI	—	—	131072	Apache 2.0
2026-11-03	Eleven Real-time	ElevenLabs	—	—	—	—
2026-11-04	Prism	Sarvam AI	—	—	131072	Apache 2.0
2026-11-04	Ripple-65B Preview	Ricursive Intelligence	0.200000	0.600000	1000000	Apache 2.0
2026-11-04	GPT-Image-2.6 Flare and GPT-Image-2.6 Sunburst	OpenAI	—	30.000000	—	—
2026-11-04	Hy4	Tencent	0.900000	2.700000	1000000	—
2026-11-05	ERNIE-5.5-Flash-Base	Baidu	—	—	1000000	Custom terms; excludes the EU, UK, and South Korea; written authorization required above $50M in related commercial revenue.
2026-11-05	Gemini Omni 1.2 Flash	Google	—	—	—	—
2026-11-05	Gemini Omni 1.2 Flash	Google DeepMind	—	—	—	—
2026-11-05	GPT-6 Cyber	OpenAI	—	—	—	—

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Measurement technique

How to read this report

01Prices are normalized to the disclosed cost per one million tokens.
02A zero is shown only when a source explicitly records zero; undisclosed fields remain null.
03The index describes observed launch economics and does not infer quality equivalence between models.